COVID-19: update of the Italian situation
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REVIEW
COVID-19: update of the Italian situation Carla Prezioso 1,2 & Valeria Pietropaolo 2 Received: 30 July 2020 / Revised: 12 August 2020 / Accepted: 21 August 2020 # The Author(s) 2020
Abstract On the March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak as a pandemic. The first cases in Italy were reported on January 30, 2020, and quickly the number of cases escalated. On March 20, 2020, according to the Italian National Institute of Health (ISS) and National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT), the peak of COVID-19 cases reported in Italy reached the highest number, surpassing those in China. The Italian government endorsed progressively restrictive measures initially at the local level, and finally, at the national level with a lockdown of the entire Italian territory up to 3 May 2020. The complete Italian territory closing slowed down the contagion. This review retraces the main numbers of the pandemic in Italy. Although in decline, the new reported cases remain high in the northern regions. Since drugs or vaccines are still not available, the described framework highlights the importance of the containment measures to be able to quickly identify all the potential transmission hotspots and keep control subsequent epidemic waves of COVID-19. Keywords COVID-19 . SARS-CoV-2 . COVID-19 new cases and deaths . Geographical distribution . Lockdown
Abbreviations COVID-19 ISS ISTAT SARS-CoV-2 WHO
Coronavirus disease 2019 Italian National Institute of Health National Institute of Statistics Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 World Health Organization
The coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which was declared as a global public health emergency and affected all countries, all over the world, from the beginning of the year 2020 (Prezioso et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). On the March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared this ongoing outbreak as a pandemic (WHO Coronavirus disease 2019, situation report - 51). Italy was the first European country to be severely affected: by March 30, there were more than 101,739 people who tested * Valeria Pietropaolo [email protected] 1
Microbiology of Chronic Neuro-degenerative Pathologies, IRCSS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
2
Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, “Sapienza” University, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
positive for SARS-CoV-2 (Italian Ministry of Health Daily Bulletin Covid-19 Outbreak in Italy 2020). Cases were more common among women (53.1%), mainly among the elderly population but lethality is higher in male subjects with comorbidities (Italian National Institute of Health (ISS) and National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT) (May, 4th) 2020a), as shown previously in China (Wu and McGoogan 2020). The median age at COVID-19 diagnosis was 62 years old. In Italy, geographical spread of the COVID-19 has been heterogeneous with the highest spread in the No
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