Cultural Genocide and Asian State Peripheries
This volume engages the concept and related notions of cultural hegemony, cultural erosion, cultural hybridity and cultural survival by considering whether five regimes in Asia deploy policies aimed at extirpating the language, religion, arts, customs or
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CULTURAL GENOCIDE AND ASIAN STATE PERIPHERIES Edited by
Barry Sautman
CULTURAL GENOCIDE AND ASIAN STATE PERIPHERIES
© Barry Sautman, 2006. Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2006 978-1-4039-7574-4 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles or reviews. First published in 2006 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN™ 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010 and Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire, England RG21 6XS Companies and representatives throughout the world. PALGRAVE MACMILLAN is the global academic imprint of the Palgrave Macmillan division of St. Martin’s Press, LLC and of Palgrave Macmillan Ltd. Macmillan® is a registered trademark in the United States, United Kingdom and other countries. Palgrave is a registered trademark in the European Union and other countries. ISBN 978-1-349-53643-6 ISBN 978-0-230-60119-2 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9780230601192
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available from the Library of Congress. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Design by Newgen Imaging Systems (P) Ltd., Chennai, India. First edition: November 2006 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
CONTENTS
1
Cultural Genocide in International Context Barry Sautman
2
Redefining the Past, Taking Charge of the Present, Appropriating the Future; The Hokkaido Ainu Case Katarina Sjöberg
39
From Forced Assimilation to Cultural Revitalization: Taiwan’s Aborigines and Their Role in Taiwan Nativism Michael Rudolph
63
3
4
5
6
1
West Papua: The Discourse of Cultural Genocide and Conflict Resolution John Otto Ondawame
103
Educating the Naga Headhunters: Colonial History and Cultural Hegemony in Post-Colonial India Dolly Kikon
139
Tibet and the (Mis-) Representation of Cultural Genocide Barry Sautman
Index
165
273
CHAPTER 1
CULTURAL GENOCIDE IN INTERNATIONAL CONTEXT Barry Sautman
Introduction s human rights concerns have become central to discourses of indigeneity and ethnicity in Asian states, indigenous and minority activists have borrowed from international law the concept of cultural genocide. The origin of the concept in a universalistic discourse and its deployment in ethnic politics on every continent allow representations of cultural genocide to be used both to mobilize the putatively affected peoples and to enlist the support of international elites and activists. Whether found in international agencies, national parliaments, human rights Nongovernmental Organizations (NGOs), or solidarity groups, global elites and activists are perceived as key bases of potential sustenance for political formations among aggrieved indigenous and ethnic minority communities. Political actors have found the charge of cultural genocide to have particular resonance among global elites because cultural genocide is a largely unexamined concept that allows for individualized imaginings. It is also a product of proces
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