Culture and Cultural Entities Toward a New Unity of Science
Culture and Cultural Entities provides an original philosophical analysis of the nature and explanation of cultural phenomena, with special attention to ontology and methodology. It addresses in depth such topics as: the relation between physical and biol
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		    SYNTHESE LIBRARY STUDIES IN EPISTEMOLOGY, LOGIC, METHODOLOGY, AND PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE
 
 Editors-in-Chief:
 
 VINCENT F. HENDRICKS, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark JOHN SYMONS, University of Texas at El Paso, U.S.A.
 
 Honorary Editor:
 
 JAAKKO HINTIKKA, Boston University, U.S.A. Editors: DIRK VAN DALEN, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands THEO A.F. KUIPERS, University of Groningen, The Netherlands TEDDY SEIDENFELD, Carnegie Mellon University, U.S.A. PATRICK SUPPES, Stanford University, California, U.S.A. JAN WOLENSKI, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
 
 VOLUME 170 For further volumes published in this series, go to http://www.springer.com/series/6607
 
 CULTURE AND CULTURAL ENTITIES TOWARD A NEW UNITY OF SCIENCE SECOND EDITION by
 
 Joseph Margolis Philadelphia, PA, U.S.A.
 
 123
 
 Joseph Margolis Department of Philosophy Temple University 727 Anderson Hall Broad & Montgomery Streets Philadelphia PA 19122 U.S.A. [email protected]
 
 ISBN 978-90-481-2553-1 e-ISBN 978-90-481-2554-8 DOI 10.1007/978-90-481-2554-8 Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2009926496 c Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2009 No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
 
 For Marjorie Grene, for the pleasure of her company
 
 Contents
 
 Preface to the Second Edition (2009). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
 
 ix
 
 Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii Acknowledgements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xv 1
 
 Nature, Culture, and Persons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
 
 1
 
 2
 
 The Concept of Consciousness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
 
 3
 
 Animal and Human Minds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
 
 4
 
 Action and Causality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
 
 5
 
 Puzzles About the Causal Explanation of Human Actions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
 
 6
 
 Cognitivism and the Problem of Explaining Human Intelligence . . . . . . . 85
 
 7
 
 Wittgenstein and Natural Languages: An Alternative to Rationalist and Empiricist Theories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111		
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