Current Problems of the World Ocean Pollution by Microplastic
A review of information on the causes, sources and current volumes of microplastics contamination of the World Ocean (plastic particles smaller than 5 mm) is given. It is shown that the longevity of microplastics, combined with the lack of effective recyc
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Konstantin Pokazeev Elena Sovga Tatiana Chaplina
Pollution in the Black Sea Observations about the Ocean’s Pollution
Springer Oceanography
The Springer Oceanography series seeks to publish a broad portfolio of scientific books, aiming at researchers, students, and everyone interested in marine sciences. The series includes peer-reviewed monographs, edited volumes, textbooks, and conference proceedings. It covers the entire area of oceanography including, but not limited to, Coastal Sciences, Biological/Chemical/Geological/Physical Oceanography, Paleoceanography, and related subjects.
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/10175
Konstantin Pokazeev Elena Sovga Tatiana Chaplina •
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Pollution in the Black Sea Observations about the Ocean’s Pollution
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Konstantin Pokazeev Faculty of Physics M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University Moscow, Russia
Elena Sovga Shelf Hydrophysics Department Marine Hydrophysical Institute of RAS Sevastopol, Russia
Tatiana Chaplina Institute for Problems in Mechanics of the RAS Moscow, Russia
ISSN 2365-7677 ISSN 2365-7685 (electronic) Springer Oceanography ISBN 978-3-030-61894-0 ISBN 978-3-030-61895-7 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61895-7 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
Introduction
The World Ocean is a huge but very fragile system. This has become particularly evident in recent decades, when ocean water pollution has reached unprecedented levels. Meanwhile, not only the well-being of ocean ecosystems depends on the state of ocean waters, but human civilization i
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