Cyathea spinulosa Wall. ex Hook. Cyatheaceae
Cyathea spinulosa Wall. ex Hook.: Alsophila fauriei H. Christ; Alsophila spinulosa (Wall.ex Hook.) R.M. Tryon; Cyathea taiwaniana Nakai; Alsophila decipiens Jcott ex Bedd.; Amphicosmia decipiens (J. Scott ex Bedd.) Bedd.
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Synonyms Cyathea spinulosa Wall. ex Hook.: Alsophila fauriei H. Christ; Alsophila spinulosa (Wall.ex Hook.) R.M. Tryon; Cyathea taiwaniana Nakai; Alsophila decipiens Jcott ex Bedd.; Amphicosmia decipiens (J. Scott ex Bedd.) Bedd.
M. K. Dhamala Central Department of Environmental Science, Tribhuvan University, Tribhuvan, Nepal D. Khadka Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China Golden Gate International College, Kathmandu, Nepal R. M. Kunwar Cultural Geography, Department of Geosciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA Ethnobotanical Society of Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal e-mail: [email protected] R. W. Bussmann (*) Department of Ethnobotany, Institute of Botany and Bakuriani Alpine Botanical Garden, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia Saving Knowledge, La Paz, Bolivia e-mail: [email protected] N. Y. Paniagua-Zambrana Department of Ethnobotany, Institute of Botany and Bakuriani Alpine Botanical Garden, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia Herbario Nacionál de Bolivia, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, Bolivia © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021 R. Kunwar et al. (eds.), Ethnobotany of the Himalayas, Ethnobotany of Mountain Regions, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45597-2_72-1
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Local Names Cyathea spinulosa: Nepali: Chhatre, Thulo Unyu; Hindi: Kandewala Tree Fern; English: Tree Fern
Botany and Ecology Cyathea spinulosa: Trunk 5–15 m or sometimes more than 20 m, 10–20 cm in diam. or more, densely covered by adventitious roots. Fronds 2-pinnate-pinnatifid; stipes persistent and forming an irregular skirt, lustrous, greenish, purple-black toward base, 30–50 cm, with spines and lustrous brown scales; scales on trunks and stipes dark brown, lustrous, several cells thick, stiff, narrowly lanceolate, apex dark brown, setose, with pale and thin toothed margins, scales falling off leaving sharp prickles at base. Lamina 2-pinnate-pinnatisect, oblong-obovate; middle pinnae oblong, 40– 50 14–18 cm; pinnules 18–20 pairs, basal pinnules shorter, middle ones lanceolate, 9–12 1.2–1.6 cm, base cuneate, sessile or shortly stipitate, apex long acuminate and caudate, pinnatisect; pinnule segments 18–20 pairs, ascending, basal segments shorter, middle ones falcate, up to 7 4 mm, margin dentate, apex acute or mucronate; veins pinnate. Lamina papery, green; abaxial side with small membranous pale scales, adaxial side of rachis, costa, and midvein densely hairy. Sori at forks of lateral veinlets; indusia globose, thin, membranous, completely enveloping sori from base when young, irregularly falling off at maturity (Wu et al. 1994–2013; Singh and Sahu 2015) (Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4).
Fig. 1 Cyathea spinulosa (Cyatheaceae) growing in natural habitat in Panchase, Kaski. (Photo – Roshan Poudel)
Cyathea spinulosa Wall. ex Hook.
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Fig. 2 Cyathea spinulosa (Cyatheaceae) planted as ornamental plant in a house at Aashe
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