Cyto- and myeloarchitectural brain atlas of the pale spear-nosed bat ( Phyllostomus discolor ) in CT Aided Stereotaxic C
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Cyto‑ and myeloarchitectural brain atlas of the pale spear‑nosed bat (Phyllostomus discolor) in CT Aided Stereotaxic Coordinates Susanne Radtke‑Schuller1,2 · Thomas Fenzl4 · Herbert Peremans5 · Gerd Schuller3 · Uwe Firzlaff1 Received: 13 April 2020 / Accepted: 29 August 2020 / Published online: 16 September 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract The pale spear-nosed bat Phyllostomus discolor, a microchiropteran bat, is well established as an animal model for research on the auditory system, echolocation and social communication of species-specific vocalizations. We have created a brain atlas of Phyllostomus discolor that provides high-quality histological material for identification of brain structures in reliable stereotaxic coordinates to strengthen neurobiological studies of this key species. The new atlas combines high-resolution images of frontal sections alternately stained for cell bodies (Nissl) and myelinated fibers (Gallyas) at 49 rostrocaudal levels, at intervals of 350 µm. To facilitate comparisons with other species, brain structures were named according to the widely accepted Paxinos nomenclature and previous neuroanatomical studies of other bat species. Outlines of auditory cortical fields, as defined in earlier studies, were mapped onto atlas sections and onto the brain surface, together with the architectonic subdivisions of the neocortex. X-ray computerized tomography (CT) of the bat’s head was used to establish the relationship between coordinates of brain structures and the skull. We used profile lines and the occipital crest as skull landmarks to line up skull and brain in standard atlas coordinates. An easily reproducible protocol allows sectioning of experimental brains in the standard frontal plane of the atlas. An electronic version of the atlas plates and supplementary material is available from https://doi.org/10.12751/g-node.8bbcxy Keywords Chiroptera · Phyllostomatidae · Cytoarchitecture · Myeloarchitecture · AChE · NADPH
Introduction The pale spear-nosed bat Phyllostomus discolor (Wagner 1843) is a medium sized microchiropteran bat with a geographic distribution ranging from Central America to the northern part of South America (Kwiecinski 2006). Body size of adult animals is ~ 10 cm with a wing span of ~ 42 cm. * Susanne Radtke‑Schuller [email protected] 1
Lehrstuhl für Zoologie, Technical University Munich, Freising, Germany
2
Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina At Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
3
Division of Neurobiology, Department Biology II, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Planegg‑Martinsried, Germany
4
Klinikum für Anästhesiologie und Intensivmedizin am Klinikum Rechts der Isar, TU München, Munich, Germany
5
Department of Engineering Management, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
Based on volumetric comparisons of brain structures in bats, Phyllostomus discolor with its relatively large neocortex and high encephalization index has been classified as belonging to the group of ‘progressive’ chi
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