Cytochrome b sequence divergence and phylogenetic relationships among different species of family Pentatomidae (Hemipter
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE
Cytochrome b sequence divergence and phylogenetic relationships among different species of family Pentatomidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) Ramneet Kaur 1,2
&
Devinder Singh 1,2
Received: 29 April 2020 / Accepted: 28 September 2020 # African Association of Insect Scientists 2020
Abstract The present work was aimed to investigate the phylogenetic relationships of Pentatomidae based on mitochondrial Cyt b gene sequences. We sequenced and analysed a 440 bp fragment of Cyt b gene to assess the level of sequence divergence in different species of Pentatomid bugs collected from distant localities of Northern India. The data divulged an R-value of 1.19 suggesting transitions to be more than transversions. 18 sequences representing 10 species and 5 genera were finally analysed. The intraspecific divergence ranged from 0.2 to 7.2% with an average of 3.75 ± 3.0% whilst interspecific divergence ranged from 3.8 to 10.3% with an average of 7.49 ± 1.7% and intergeneric distance ranged from 12.1 to 20.2% with an average of 16.37 ± 2.2%. The percentage of divergence values revealed a clear pattern of increased nucleotide diversity from conspecific to congeneric to intra subfamily level using Cyt b gene fragment. Phylogenetic trees were constructed using Neighbor-Joining method that revealed the phylogenetic status of Indian Pentatomid bugs with other species from different geographical locations. The results were also confirmed with additional molecular parameter, nucleotide substitution and pairwise genetic distance. Keywords Pentatomid bugs . Nucleotide diversity . Phylogenetic analysis
Introduction Hemiptera is a very large and diverse order of hemimetabolous insects which is further divided into five suborders: Heteroptera, Cicadomorpha, Fulgoromorpha, Sternorrhyncha and Coelorrhyncha (Schuh and Slater 1995). Out of these five suborders, Heteroptera is a highly diverse taxon with more than 42,000 species in over 5800 genera and 140 families described worldwide (Park et al. 2011). Infraorder Pentatomomorpha, which consists of 40 families representing more than 14,000 species, is the second largest among the seven infraorders of Heteroptera and constitutes the most recognizable group of true bugs. Pentatomomorpha is further divided into six superfamilies viz., Pentatomoidea, Coreoidea, Pyrrhocoroidea, Idiostoloidea, Aradoide and Lygaeoidea (Dolling 1981; Weirauch and Schuh 2011; Tian * Ramneet Kaur [email protected] 1
GGDSD College, Sec 32, Chandigarh -C, India
2
Punjabi University, Patiala, India
et al. 2011). Superfamily Pentatomoidea consists of about 7000 known species in 15 families, of which family Pentatomidae is a large family containing 4722 species in about 900 genera (Rider 2019). Pentatomids are generally known as “Stink Bugs”, because of the emission of disagreeable pungent odour from a pair of scent glands that open in the region of the metapleura. They produce large quantities of strong smelling and irritating defensive chemicals, which are released when they are disturbed or
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