Derivative UV/Vis spectroelectrochemistry in a thin-layer regime: deconvolution and simultaneous quantification of ascor
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RESEARCH PAPER
Derivative UV/Vis spectroelectrochemistry in a thin-layer regime: deconvolution and simultaneous quantification of ascorbic acid, dopamine and uric acid Fabiola Olmo 1 & Jesus Garoz-Ruiz 1 & Alvaro Colina 1 & Aranzazu Heras 1 Received: 13 December 2019 / Revised: 23 January 2020 / Accepted: 28 February 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In this work, UV/Vis spectroelectrochemistry (SEC), in a thin-layer regime and parallel configuration, is selected to solve a complex mixture that contains dopamine (DA), ascorbic acid (AA) and uric acid (UA). These molecules, like many other biological compounds, are assuming a highly important place in analytical and biomedical fields due to the fundamental role that they play in human metabolism. In addition, low or high levels of these compounds are associated with diseases such as Parkinson’s disease. For this reason, the quantification of these biomolecules is becoming increasingly critical. However, some drawbacks must be overcome, because the three molecules coexist in the human body, and the species are subject to mutual interference. In fact, they are all oxidized at similar potentials, and their UV/Vis absorption bands overlap, greatly complicating their quantification. For this reason, derivative SEC together with suitable chemometric tools such as PARAFAC are proposed to solve this complex matrix. This technique allows us to separate the contribution of each of these molecules present in a sample and to quantify all of them, achieving high resolution and reproducibility. Besides, detection limits at the micromolar level are achieved for DA, AA and UA in mixture solutions. This work thus demonstrates the great potential for derivative potentiodynamic SEC combined with the appropriate chemometric tools in solving complex mixtures, a field where SEC is still taking the first steps. Keywords Spectroelectrochemistry . PARAFAC . Quantitative analysis . Derivative of absorbance with respect to wavelength
Introduction Dopamine (DA) is a neurotransmitter that participates in the regulation of physiological processes and can be found in the brain. Low levels of DA have been found in patients with Parkinson’s disease and high levels in patients with schizophrenia [1, 2]. Meanwhile, ascorbic acid (AA) is an essential vitamin in the human diet that can be found in the brain in the presence of different neurotransmitters. Low levels of AA are Published in the topical collection featuring Female Role Models in Analytical Chemistry. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-020-02564-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Aranzazu Heras [email protected] 1
Department of Chemistry, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, E-09001 Burgos, Spain
related, for example, to scurvy [3, 4]. Lastly, uric acid (UA) is a natural antioxidant. High levels of UA in blood can promote the development of some diseases, such as gout or anemia
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