Design and test of an automated version of the modified Jebsen test of hand function using Microsoft Kinect
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RESEARCH
Open Access
Design and test of an automated version of the modified Jebsen test of hand function using Microsoft Kinect Daniel Simonsen , Ida F. Nielsen, Erika G. Spaich and Ole K. Andersen*
Abstract Background: The present paper describes the design and evaluation of an automated version of the Modified Jebsen Test of Hand Function (MJT) based on the Microsoft Kinect sensor. Methods: The MJT was administered twice to 11 chronic stroke subjects with varying degrees of hand function deficits. The test times of the MJT were evaluated manually by a therapist using a stopwatch, and automatically using the Microsoft Kinect sensor. The ground truth times were assessed based on inspection of the videorecordings. The agreement between the methods was evaluated along with the test-retest performance. Results: The results from Bland-Altman analysis showed better agreement between the ground truth times and the automatic MJT time evaluations compared to the agreement between the ground truth times and the times estimated by the therapist. The results from the test-retest performance showed that the subjects significantly improved their performance in several subtests of the MJT, indicating a practice effect. Conclusions: The results from the test showed that the Kinect can be used for automating the MJT. Keywords: Stroke, Microsoft Kinect, Hand function, Motor function test
Background Deficits in motor function, in the form of hemiparesis or hemiplegia, are a frequent consequence of cerebral stroke [1]. Even though motor function may be regained to some extent through intensive rehabilitative training following acute treatment of stroke, deficits in hand function often remain [2, 3]. Following discharge from the rehabilitation unit, patients are typically asked to perform unsupervised self-training in their own home. The lack of supervision during training at home will likely have an impact on the patient’s training compliance and training quality. Therefore, it is important to perform regular evaluations of the patient’s functional level in order to provide useful supervision and to maintain patient motivation. The patients’ performance in a specific motor function test provides valuable insight into whether the training scheme chosen for a patient is effective or it should be changed. Thus, it is very * Correspondence: [email protected] Integrative Neuroscience group, SMI®, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
important that the motor function tests being used are objective and reflect the actual functional level of the patient being tested. Several validated motor function tests including assessment of hand function exist, e.g. Jebsen Test of Hand Function [4], Action Research Arm Test [5], Fugl-Meyer Assessment [6], Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT) [7], Box and Blocks Test [8] and Nine Hole Peg Test [9]. Common for all these tests is that they must be administered by a therapist, which might be a source for variability in the test results, and cause the test results n
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