Design of Spectrum Sensing System
Current spectrum management is licensed in a definite frequency band, and since a large part of radio spectrum allocation is already done, vacant bands are not available to either effectively use new services or develop existing ones. As a solution to thi
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Abstract Current spectrum management is licensed in a definite frequency band, and since a large part of radio spectrum allocation is already done, vacant bands are not available to either effectively use new services or develop existing ones. As a solution to this, it is required to find means for improved spectrum utilization creating situations for access of dynamic spectrum. In these days, spectrum scarcity is a prime hurdle faced by all users. This problem gives rise to the idea of cognitive radio, where available channels for communication are detected and instantly moved into vacant channels. In this paper, matched filtering and energy detection methods are covered, where our motive is the all-time presence of spectrum to all users. Keywords Cognitive radio Matched filtering SNR
Energy detection Spectrum sensing
1 Introduction The available electromagnetic radio spectrum is highly scarce. This issue is solved by the use of cognitive radio (CR) technology [1]. Cognitive radios [2] are designed to ensure a trustworthy communication for all network users. According to interaction with environment, cognitive radio can change its parameters in which it operates. Spectrum sensing, spectrum management, spectrum sharing, and spectrum mobility are its four major functional blocks. In spectrum sensing, the presence of Riya Paul (&) Pamoli Nath Soumyasree Bera Sikkim Manipal Institute of Technology, Sikkim Manipal University, Majitar, Sikkim, India e-mail: [email protected] Pamoli Nath e-mail: [email protected] Soumyasree Bera e-mail: [email protected] © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2018 A. Konkani et al. (eds.), Advances in Systems, Control and Automation, Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering 442, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4762-6_51
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Fig. 1 Classification of spectrum sensing
spectrum and licensed user is determined. Spectrum management predicts the time of availability for use to the unlicensed users. Spectrum sharing distributes the spectrum holes among the secondary users taking care of the spectrum cost. Spectrum mobility maintains uninterrupted communication for a better spectrum [3]. Figure 1 shows the classification of spectrum sensing methods [4]. Among these, the non-cooperative system is studied in this paper. Three signal processing techniques are used for spectrum sensing [4] in the literature: matched filter, energy detection, and cyclostationary feature detection. Matched filtering, though optimal, needs full knowledge of primary signaling. But when nothing is assumed, an energy detector is used. In this paper, we have covered matched filtering technique and energy detection techniques.
2 Methodology 2.1
Energy Detection
Energy detection is the signal detection technique which uses an energy detector to state the absence or presence of signal in the band. It is an efficient approach to spectrum sensing since its computational technique is not that complex and can be implemented in both time domain and frequency domain [5]. Noise power kn
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