Detection and Prediction of Water Body and Aquatic Plants Cover Changes of Choghakhor International Wetland, Using Lands
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etection and Prediction of Water Body and Aquatic Plants Cover Changes of Choghakhor International Wetland, Using Landsat Imagery and the Cellular Automata–Markov Model Pirali Zefrehei Ahmad Rezaa, *, Hedayati Aliakbaa, Pourmanafi Saeidb, Beyraghdar Kashkooli Omidb, and Ghorbani Rasoula aFaculty
of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, P.O. Box: 49189-43464 Iran b Department of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, P.O. Box: 84156-83111 Iran *e-mail: [email protected] Received October 7, 2019; revised March 4, 2020; accepted April 7, 2020
Abstract—The quantitative and qualitative study of wetland ecosystems is the main base for their sustainable use. In arid and semi-arid regions such as Iran, importance of wetlands is more obvious. Providing new information of changes in wetlands during several decades help us finding the reasons of alteration and making programs and policies. One of the most effective techniques in this field is remote sensing. Choghakhor international wetland, one of the most important wetlands in Iran. In this study, satellite images of MSS, TM, ETM +, and OLI were used during 1976–2017 to identify changes within the wetland. Also, the distribution of aquatic plants has been evaluated with NDVI index as an environmental indicator due to their key role on these aquatic ecosystems. After mapping the changes in wetland patterns over times, a cellular automata model (CA) was used to simulate changes up to the 2030s. The results of the time processing map data of the maps show the gradual decrease of the area (water body) of the wetland in the spring and more in the autumn season, which is more evident in recent years. However, the aquatic plants of the wetland in recent years has been. In general, three life periods for the Choghakhor wetland could be defined: “natural period”, “developmental period” and “dehydration period”. According to the CA model, the water body of the wetland shows a decreasing trend by 2030. On the other hand, aquatic plants growing in the wetland and its surroundings, which could be due to the high nutrient and organic load in future. Therefore, having an integrated strategy and program to improve the status of this unique ecosystem is necessary more than ever. Keyword: Choghakhor International Wetland, Landsat imagery, remote sensing, water body, Wetland dynamics, Cellular Automata (CA) DOI: 10.1134/S1995425520050091
INTRODUCTION Surface water bodies are a key portion providing a wide range of ecosystem services, such as water supply resource and refining, flood regulation, and climate balance and coastal protection (Bwangoy et al., 2010; Jokar Arsanjani et al., 2015). Wetlands provide important environmental functions that range from flood control to the recharging and discharging of groundwater, water quality, habitat of flora and fauna, biological diversity, accelerating the carbon cycle and other life support functions (Mitsch and Gosselink, 2007; Papastergiadou
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