Developing a New Curvilinear Allometric Model to Improve the Fit and Validity of the 20-m Shuttle Run Test as a Predicto
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE
Developing a New Curvilinear Allometric Model to Improve the Fit and Validity of the 20‑m Shuttle Run Test as a Predictor of Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Adults and Youth Alan M. Nevill1 · Roger Ramsbottom2 · Gavin Sandercock3 · Carlos Eduardo Bocachica‑González4 · Robinson Ramírez‑Vélez5 · Grant Tomkinson6,7
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Background and Objectives Doubts have been raised concerning the validity of the 20-m shuttle-run test (20 mSRT) as a predictor of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in youth based on Léger’s equation/model. An alternative allometric model has been published recently that is thought to provide, not only a superior fit (criterion validity) but also a more biologically and physiologically interpretable model (construct validity). The purposes of this study were to explore whether allometry can provide a more valid predictor of CRF using 20 mSRT compared with Léger’s equation/model. Methods We fitted and compared Léger’s original model and an alternative allometric model using two cross-sectional ̇ 2peak/VO ̇ 2max ) and 20 mSRT performance. datasets (youth, n = 306; adult n = 105) that contained measurements of CRF ( VO 2 Quality-of-fit was assessed using explained variance (R ) and Bland and Altman’s limits of agreement. Results The allometric models provided superior fits for the youth (explained variance R2 = 71.9%) and adult (R2 = 77.7%) datasets compared with Léger’s equation using their original fixed (R2 = 35.2%) or re-estimated parameter models (R2 = 65.9%), confirming that the allometric models demonstrate acceptable criterion validity. However, the allometric ̇ 2peak/VO ̇ 2max ) with faster final shuttle-run speeds models also identified a non-linear “J-shaped” increase in energy cost ( VO (fitted speed exponent = 1.52; 95% CI 1.38–1.65). ̇ 2peak/VO ̇ 2max ; ml kg−1 min−1) for both Conclusion Not only do allometric models provide more accurate predictions of CRF ( VO youth and adults (evidence of criterion validity), the “J-shaped” rise in energy demand with increasing final shuttle-run speed also provides the evidence of construct validity, resulting in a more plausible, physiologically sound, and interpretable model.
1 Introduction Recent doubts have been raised concerning the validity of the 20-m shuttle-run test (20 mSRT) as a predictor of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in youth [1]. Robust counter arguments to these doubts have also been published by Tomkinson et al. [2]. The debate between the doubters [3] and the supporters [2] of using the 20 mSRT as a predictor of CRF is fuelled by two possible misconceptions/questions: ̇ 2peak ) be adjusted (1) how should peak oxygen uptake ( VO or scaled for body mass to best reflect CRF, and (2) is the original Léger equation the most appropriate/valid equation ̇ 2peak? to predict VO
* Alan M. Nevill [email protected] Extended author information available on the last page of the article
Key Points Directly measured cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is universally ackno
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