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Development of lightweight polypropylene/carbon fiber composites for its application in shielding of electromagnetic interference in X‑band Ashish Kaushal1   · Vishal Singh1 Received: 14 March 2020 / Accepted: 6 July 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020

Abstract Carbon fiber (CF) reinforced polypropylene composites with a different weight percentage of CF were synthesized using a viable industrial dispersion process utilizing a twin-screw extruder. Their mechanical, thermal, electrical, and fracture morphology properties were inspected for electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding applications. An increase in the tensile strength of the composite noted at the maximum loading (20 wt%) of CF. Improvement in thermal stability with degradation temperature of (480 °C) measured at 20 wt% CF. A noteworthy increase in electrical conductivity (3.73 × 10−3 S ­cm−1) of these composites seen, which yielded the EMI shielding effectiveness of − 32.92 dB at 20 wt% CF in the X-band recommending their probability as a thermally steady EMI shielding material.

1 Introduction Over the years, the widespread use of electronic devices and people’s dependence on them has dramatically increased the level of electromagnetic interference (EMI) that reduces the lifespan of electronic devices, their efficiency, and smooth operation. There is a need to shield electronic devices against electromagnetic aggression to mitigate the problems caused by EMI [1–4]. Metal and metal oxide-based composites have attracted a lot of attention from scientists around the world due to their widespread use in various fields such as photodegradation [5], water purification [6], sensors [7, 8], supercapacitors [9–11] and EMI coatings [12]. But due to some problems such as corrosion, heavyweight, flexibility, and high cost make them challenging to use as EMI coating materials [13–15]. For efficient protection from EMI, there is a need for such materials that are highly efficient, light in weight, and provide long durability. These materials include carbon-based polymer composites. Carbon materials attracted their interest in the application of microwave absorption materials due * Ashish Kaushal [email protected] 1



Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Hamirpur 177005, India

to marginal cost, simple manufacturing, and good electrical conductivity [4]. CF-based polymer composites are used in various divisions due to their excellent mechanical and electrical properties, for example, gadgets, aviation, and automobile industries [4, 16–19]. Al-Saleh et al. [20] used a bunch of blenders to deliver high-density polyethylene (HDPE)/carbon nanofibers (CNF) composites. They observed the effect of carbon filaments content on various composite properties. The results indicated poor attachment between HDPE and CNF with the resistivity of 105 ohm-cm at 1.5 wt% of CNF. In a different study, Rani et al. [21] studied the mechanical and shielding behavior of Epoxy-Grafted graphene inter