Dietary intake, eating behavior and physical activity in individuals with and without obstructive sleep apnea
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Dietary intake, eating behavior and physical activity in individuals with and without obstructive sleep apnea Caroline J. Beatty1,8 · Shane A. Landry1,2 · Joy Lee3 · Simon A. Joosten3,4,5 · Anthony Turton3 · Denise M. O’Driscoll6,7 · Ai‑Ming Wong3,4 · Luke Thomson1 · Bradley A. Edwards1,2 · Garun S. Hamilton3,4,5 Received: 29 April 2020 / Accepted: 16 October 2020 © Japanese Society of Sleep Research 2020
Abstract Weight loss is one of the first line treatments for people with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA); however, people with OSA may have difficulties losing weight. Few studies have investigated the factors underlying these challenges in people with OSA. The aim of this study was to compare dietary intake, eating behavior and physical activity data in people with OSA and without OSA. Seventy-four patients referred to a sleep disorders clinic for suspected OSA underwent a standard clinical overnight polysomnography and completed questionnaires assessing dietary intake, physical activity and eating behavior prior to treatment. On the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire-R18 patients with OSA (n = 49, AHI 19.5 [13.0–55.4] events/h) had higher levels of uncontrolled eating (adjusted means, 19.7 (0.7) vs 16.1 (1.0): F (1, 69) = 7.103, p = 0.010 partial η2 = 0.093), than those who did not have OSA (n = 25, AHI 3.3 [0.8–4.4] events/h) after adjusting for age, fat mass % and depression. There were no differences between groups in dietary intake measures or physical activity. These results suggest that people with OSA may need specific attention to eating behavior when undergoing weight loss interventions. Keywords Obstructive sleep apnea · Sleep · Eating behavior · Macronutrient intake · Physical activity · Diet
Introduction Bradley A. Edwards and Garun S. Hamilton jointly supervised this work. * Caroline J. Beatty [email protected] 1
Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
2
Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
3
Monash Lung and Sleep, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, VIC, Australia
4
School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
5
Monash Partners-Epworth, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
6
Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Eastern Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
7
Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
8
Sleep and Circadian Medicine Laboratory, 264 Ferntree Gully Road, Notting Hill, VIC 3031, Australia
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a major public health concern affecting nearly 1 billion people globally [1]. Characterized by the repetitive collapse of the upper airway during sleep, OSA is associated with sleep disruption, daytime sleepiness and serious neurocognitive [2] and cardiovascular consequences [3]. One of the major predisposing risk factors for OSA is obesity. The prevalence of obesity in the OSA population is estimated to be 70% [4].
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