Does 3-pentadecylcatechol, an urushiol derivative, get absorbed in the body? A rat oral administration experiment
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Does 3-pentadecylcatechol, an urushiol derivative, get absorbed in the body? A rat oral administration experiment Hang Yeon Jeong1 • Hyoung Jae Lee1 • Jeong-Yong Cho1 • Jae-Hak Moon1
Received: 23 September 2019 / Revised: 8 January 2020 / Accepted: 7 February 2020 Ó The Korean Society of Food Science and Technology 2020
Abstract Urushiols are important active compounds found in the sap of the lacquer tree (Rhus verniciflua Stokes). Recently, various biological effects of urushiols, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer activities, have been reported. However, urushiols can also induce skin allergies. Nevertheless, the lacquer tree has traditionally been used in Korea as a folk medicine. In this study, we evaluated the absorption and metabolism of 3-pentadecylcatechol (PDC), a natural urushiol. PDC (48.0 mg/kg body wt.) in 1 mL propylene glycol was orally administered to rats (Sprague-Dawley, male, 6 weeks old). Blood plasma, urine, and feces were collected, separately. PDC was not detected in the extracts from rat blood plasma and urine. However, 89.4 ± 5.2% of the orally administered PDC was detected in the feces extracts, indicating that PDC was predominantly excreted and not absorbed. Keywords Urushiol 3-pentadecylcatechol Rhus verniciflua Stokes Absorption metabolism
& Jae-Hak Moon [email protected] Hang Yeon Jeong [email protected] Hyoung Jae Lee [email protected] Jeong-Yong Cho [email protected] 1
Department of Food Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbongro, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
Introduction Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a leading cause of death worldwide. The World Health Organization has reported that over half (50.3%) of the top 10 causes of death worldwide in 2016 were CVDs, ischemic heart disease, and stroke (World Health Organization, 2018). In particular, atherosclerosis is a major cause of CVD (Falk, 2006). Previous studies revealed that the most important chemoattractant of atherogenesis is oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL), which is abundant in atherosclerotic plaques (Willerson and Kereiakes, 2003). Therefore, it is recognized that the consumption of antioxidants or antioxidant-rich foods can prevent and improve arteriosclerosis through the inhibition of LDL oxidation (Esterbauer et al., 1992; Kamada et al., 2005; Moon et al., 2001; Vaya et al., 2003). Urushiols are the principal compounds in the sap of the lacquer tree (Rhus verniciflua Stokes), comprising 60 to 70% of its content (Hatada et al., 1994). The basic structure of urushiols comprises 15 or 17 saturated or unsaturated carbon chains connected to the C-3 of catechol; ten different derivatives have already been isolated and reported (Fig. 1) (Hatada et al., 1994). Urushiols are compounds with unique properties that cause severe contact dermatitis (Ma et al., 2012; Wakabayashi et al., 2005; Zepter et al., 1997). Nevertheless, the lacquer tree has been used for thousands of years in China, Japan, and Korea as a protective coating material for surfaces (Jeong et al
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