Dutch and German Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis Have Antibodies to Klebsiella
In the early 1980s, the Immunology Unit of King’s College had shown that there were elevated levels of antibodies to the Gram-negative bowel microbe Klebsiella in patients suffering from ankylosing spondylitis.
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Alan Ebringer
Ankylosing Spondylitis and Klebsiella
Alan Ebringer B.Sc., M.D., FRCP, FRACP, FRCPath Professor of Immunology King’s College London Honorary Consultant Rheumatologist Middlesex Hospital UCH School of Medicine King’s College London Division of Life Sciences London, SE1 8WA, UK United Kingdom
ISBN 978-1-4471-4299-7 ISBN 978-1-4471-4300-0 DOI 10.1007/978-1-4471-4300-0 Springer London Heidelberg New York Dordrecht
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Library of Congress Control Number: 2012949895 © Springer-Verlag London 2013 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
This book is dedicated to the memory of the late Dr. A.C. Boyle (1918–1998), Chief Consultant Rheumatologist at the Middlesex Hospital, who served with Field Marshal Slim in Burma. During his service overseas, his wife was killed by a flying bomb. He trained many rheumatologists in the UK and emphasised that public speaking should be an attribute of consultants. Trainees were expected to give a 10-min talk, as long as it was not on a medical topic. We learned about Wagner’s heroes, stock exchange and trips down the Amazon. One budding Consultant Rheumatologist gave a learned talk on ‘joints’ in Chippendale furniture and Hepplewhite chairs. When he was approached that we could probably explain HLA-B27 in ank
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