Early childhood and adolescent risk factors for psychotic depression in a general population birth cohort sample
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Early childhood and adolescent risk factors for psychotic depression in a general population birth cohort sample Miika Nietola1 · Hanna Huovinen2 · Anni Heiskala2 · Tanja Nordström2,3,4 · Jouko Miettunen2,3 · Jyrki Korkeila5 · Erika Jääskeläinen2,3,6 Received: 26 May 2019 / Accepted: 3 February 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Background and purpose In the group of severe mental disorders, psychotic depression (PD) is essentially under-researched. Knowledge about the risk factors is scarce and this applies especially to early risk factors. Our aim was to study early childhood and adolescent risk factors of PD in a representative birth cohort sample with a follow-up of up to 50 years. Methods The study was carried out using the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 (NFBC 1966). We used non-psychotic depression (NPD) (n = 746), schizophrenia (SZ) (n = 195), psychotic bipolar disorder (PBD) (n = 27), other psychoses (PNOS) (n = 136) and healthy controls (HC) (n = 8200) as comparison groups for PD (n = 58). We analysed several potential early risk factors from time of birth until the age of 16 years. Results The main finding was that parents’ psychiatric illness [HR 3.59 (1.84–7.04)] was a risk factor and a high sports grade in school was a protective factor [HR 0.29 (0.11–0.73)] for PD also after adjusting for covariates in the multivariate Cox regression model. Parental psychotic illness was an especially strong risk factor for PD. The PD subjects had a parent with psychiatric illness significantly more often (p
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