Ecogeographic analysis of pea collection sites from China to determine potential sites with abiotic stresses
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Ecogeographic analysis of pea collection sites from China to determine potential sites with abiotic stresses Ling Li • Robert J. Redden • Xuxiao Zong J. D. Berger • Sarita Jane Bennett
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Received: 7 July 2012 / Accepted: 7 January 2013 / Published online: 13 February 2013 Ó Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2013
Abstract Pea (Pisum sativum L.) is grown widely throughout China and has undergone natural selection throughout its agricultural range over 2,000 years. Here we characterize collection site habitats to develop an understanding of the key selection pressures likely to be imposed by each environment to facilitate the investigation of specific adaptation. We characterized 240 collection sites of 529 pea landraces, across 25 provinces and 3 municipalities of China comprising the main pea cropping regions for
climatic variables. Multivariate analyses showed that collection sites tended to cluster along geographic and abiotic stress clines. Spring sown sites and winter sown sites were clearly separated into 6 and 7 habitat type clusters respectively. In addition, regions which experience extreme abiotic stresses of frost, drought and high temperature in the reproductive period for pea landraces, were identified as targets for germplasm to be tested for respective tolerances to these stresses. Keywords Adaptation Ecogeography Habitat characterisation Pea landraces Pisum sativum
L. Li (&) Liaoning Institute of Cash Crops, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Liaoyang 111000, China e-mail: [email protected] R. J. Redden Australian Temperate Field Crops Collection, Grains Innovation Park, The Department of Primary Industries, Private Bag 260, Horsham, VIC 3401, Australia X. Zong Institute of Crop Science/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China J. D. Berger CSIRO Plant Industry, Private Bag No. 5, Wembley, WA 6913, Australia S. J. Bennett Department of Environment and Agriculture, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
Introduction China is an important centre of secondary diversity for field pea (Pisum sativum L.). Although domesticated for more than 11,000 years (Smy´kal et al. 2010), pea was introduced to China from Afghanistan through India in the first century B.C. or even earlier (Makesheva 1973), and has therefore undergone natural selection throughout the Chinese habitat range for [2,000 years. Peas are grown widely throughout China, separated into a winter-sown region in southern China, and a spring-sown region in northern China, by the Qinling mountains in the west (32.5° latitude), and the Huai river in the east (32.6° latitude, http://baike. baidu.com/view/3601988.htm).
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There is considerable diversity in the Chinese pea collection. In comparison with the pea core collection (based on global geographic diversity) of the Australian Temperate Field Crops Collection (ATFCC) the Chinese pea landrace core collection was more diverse, based on
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