EEG response varies with lesion location in patients with chronic stroke
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RESEARCH
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EEG response varies with lesion location in patients with chronic stroke Wanjoo Park1,2, Gyu Hyun Kwon3, Yun-Hee Kim4,5, Jong-Hwan Lee2* and Laehyun Kim1,6*
Abstract Background: Brain activation differs according to lesion location in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies, but lesion location-dependent electroencephalographic (EEG) alterations are unclear. Because of the increasing use of EEG-based brain-computer-interface rehabilitation, we examined lesion location-dependent EEG patterns in patients with stroke while they performed motor tasks. Methods: Twelve patients with chronic stroke were divided into three subgroups according to their lesion locations: supratentorial lesions that included M1 (SM1+), supratentorial lesions that excluded M1 (SM1-), and infratentorial (INF) lesions. Participants performed three motor tasks [active, passive, and motor imagery (MI)] with supination and grasping movements. The hemispheric asymmetric indexes, which were calculated with laterality coefficients (LCs), the temporal changes in the event-related desynchronization (ERD) patterns in the bilateral motor cortex, and the topographical distributions in the 28-channel EEG patterns around the supplementary motor area and bilateral motor cortex of the three participant subgroups were compared with those of the 12 age-matched healthy controls. Results: The SM1+ group exhibited negative LC values in the active and MI motor tasks, while the other patient subgroups exhibited positive LC values. Negative LC values indicate that the ERD/ERS intensity of the ipsilateral hemisphere is higher than the contralateral hemisphere, whereas positive LC values indicate that the ERD/ERS intensity of the contralateral hemisphere is higher than the ipsilateral hemisphere. The LC values of SM1+ and healthy controls differed significantly (rank-sum test, p < 0.05) in both the supination and grasping movements in the active task. The three patient subgroups differed distinctly from each other in the topography analysis. Conclusions: The hemispheric asymmetry and topographic characteristics of the beta band power patterns in the patients with stroke differed according to the location of the lesion, which suggested that EEG analyses of neurorehabilitation should be implemented according to lesion location. Keywords: Brain-computer interface, EEG, Rehabilitation, Stroke
Background Stroke, which is the leading cause of adult neurological disabilities in most countries [1], typically damages particular regions of a patient’s brain and results in functional impairments [2]. These impairments vary depending on the location of the lesion. For instance, motor impairments are due to damage to the motorrelated cortical regions [3, 4], cognitive deficits are usually associated with infarctions in the left anterior and * Correspondence: [email protected]; [email protected] 2 Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea 1 Center for Bionics, Korea Institute of Science and Techn
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