Effect of Laser Welding Sequences on Residual Stresses and Distortion of DP600 Steel Joints
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MRS Advances © 2019 Materials Research Society DOI: 10.1557/adv.2019.415
Effect of Laser Welding Sequences on Residual Stresses and Distortion of DP600 Steel Joints M. A. Carrizalez-Vazquez1, G. Y. Pérez-Medina1 1
Corporación Mexicana de Investigación en Materiales S.A. de C.V., Ciencia y Tecnología No. 790 Fracc. Saltillo 400, C.P. 25290 Saltillo, Coahuila, México.
ABSTRACT
Different materials have been welded by laser beam. This process allows to obtain high quality welds with lower thermal effect. Laser beam welding produces narrow and high penetration welds without filler material. However, this process modifies the mechanical and microstructural properties of the welded joints. Therefore, this is currently a research topic, mainly using Advanced High Strength Steel (AHSS). These materials are used in the automotive industry. As a result, it is important to study the thermometallurgical and mechanical behavior of welded steels. In addition, a tool used to approximate the thermal effect in the fusion zone (FZ) and heat affected zone (HAZ) has been the computational numerical simulation. In this work, two butt joints of DP600 steel plates of 200 mm × 150 mm and 2 mm thickness with different welding sequences were simulated using the SYSWELD finite element software. The results of both coupons were compared and it was determined that the distortion and residual stresses decreased in the second coupon by applying a different welding sequence with equal heat input.
INTRODUCTION Welding processes are adapted to the needs of different types of industry such as automotive, aeronautical and metal-mechanical [1]. This is the case of laser welding, which is being used in the manufacture of different automotive and aeronautical components, due to the low heat input that affects materials generating narrower heat affected zones and fusion zones compared to other processes. In addition to not requiring input material and allowing high production speeds, this welding process provides high penetration in the joints where the concentration of stresses must be reduced. In the automotive industry advanced high strength steels such as dual phase (DP), characterized by being more resistant than high strength low alloy (HSLA) due to
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the mixture of a ferrite and martensite microstructure (15 %), are being used mainly in components where it is necessary to reduce weight to provide fuel savings and reduce pollution [2-4]. However, the laser welding process can modify the mechanical and microstructural properties of this material and introduce possible safety and reliability problems [5]. Such is the case of a decrease in tensile strength and hardness in the area between the base metal (BM) and the HAZ called softening zone (SZ), as was shown by some researchers. For example, Jia et al. [6] mad
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