Effect of prior oxidation on the creep behavior of NiAl-hardened austenitic steel
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9/27/03
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Effect of Prior Oxidation on the Creep Behavior of NiAl-Hardened Austenitic Steel D.V.V. SATYANARAYANA, G. MALAKONDAIAH, and D.S. SARMA The effect of prior oxidation at 1473 K on the creep behavior of an Fe-Ni-Cr-Al alloy, hardened by ordered NiAl precipitates, has been investigated at 873 K over a stress range of 275 to 450 MPa. The alloy in the as–electroslag remelted (ESR) as well as the ESR-plus-hot-worked conditions was considered. Prior oxidation causes creep strengthening in the Fe-Ni-Cr-Al alloy, resulting in a decrease in minimum creep rate and increase in time to rupture, in contrast to the observations reported on nickel-based superalloys. Creep strengthening is, however, accompanied by a significant reduction in creep ductility. Oxidation-induced creep strengthening in the current alloy can be attributed to the improved adherence of surface oxide caused by the presence of yttrium. An effective stress that incorporates the contributions of load transfer as well as substructural strengthening is used to account for the observed oxidation-induced creep strengthening. While creep strengthening is more pronounced in the ESR cast alloy, the loss in creep ductility is more intense in the ESR wrought alloy. Increasing the oxidation time beyond 1 hour has a minimal effect on creep strengthening of both the alloys, though it lowers significantly the creep ductility of the wrought alloy. The observed differences in creep behavior of the alloy in the two different conditions could be attributed to the differences in grain size as well as morphology and related oxidation-induced damage.
I. INTRODUCTION
UNDERSTANDING the influence of environment on high-temperature mechanical properties is one of the important aspects of evaluating the high-temperature performance of engineering alloys. The most relevant environment for either laboratory testing or service conditions is the oxygen, contained in air. There were numerous studies in the literature dealing with the effect of oxidizing environment on creep properties. Some of these studies were directed toward understanding the dynamic effects of oxygen interaction during creep testing,[1–7] while others concentrated on the effect of prior oxidation at high temperatures on the creep behavior at relatively lower temperatures.[8–22] Most of these studies were on pure nickel[2,4,8] and nickel-based superalloys[1,3,5–7,9–22] and have shown that the effect of oxygen is a sensitive function of alloy chemistry, oxidizing temperature, testing temperature, microstructure, and oxygen partial pressure. Other alloy systems that are of interest for high-temperature applications are austenitic stainless steels, precipitation-hardenable steels, or iron-based super-alloys. Although there have been limited studies on austenitic stainless steels,[23,24] similar studies on precipitation-hardened steels or iron-based superalloys are nonexistent. Fe-Ni-Cr-Al alloys are precipitation-hardenable austenitic alloys containing a high concentration of aluminum, typic
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