Effects and moderators of the Olweus bullying prevention program (OBPP) in Germany
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ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTION
Effects and moderators of the Olweus bullying prevention program (OBPP) in Germany Fanny Carina Ossa1,2 · Vanessa Jantzer1 · Lena Eppelmann1 · Peter Parzer1 · Franz Resch1 · Michael Kaess1,3 Received: 15 January 2020 / Accepted: 12 September 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Bullying is a common and significant risk factor for mental and physical health problems. The aim of the outlined study was to evaluate the German version of the Olweus Bullying Prevention Program (OBPP) and to investigate potential moderators of its effectiveness. 23 schools started with the implementation and all students were invited to complete the Olweus Bullying Questionnaire annually. For our analyses, the data from grades 5 to 9 were used (t0: n = 5759; t1: n = 5416; t2: n = 4894). 16 out of the 23 schools completed the 18-months implementation period. The effectiveness of the program statistically depended on its complete implementation (χ2(2) = 7.62, p = 0.022). In the group of non-completers, the prevalence of victimization did not change during the observation period of 2 years (χ2(2) = 4.64, p = 0.099). In the group of the completer schools, a significant decrease in bullying between t0 and t1 was found for victims (t0: 9.14%; t1: 6.87%; OR = 0.74; 95% CI 0.62–0.88; p = 0.001) and perpetrators (t0: 6.16%; t1: 4.42%; OR = 0.70; 95% CI 0.55–0.89; p = 0.004). After 24 months (t2), this decrease could be retained (victims: t2: 6.83%; OR = 0.73; 95%CI = 0.61–0.88; p = 0.001; perpetrators: t2: 4.63%; OR = 0.72; 95% CI 0.57–0.92; p = 0.009). Furthermore, we found the following moderators of program effectiveness in the completer schools: (1) gender (with a stronger decrease among victimized girls; p = 0.004) and (2) school grade (with a stronger decrease of victimization among grades 5–7; p = 0.028). The German version of the OBPP significantly reduced the bullying prevalence in the completer schools. Effective prevention needs time and resources: fulfilling the 18-months implementation period was the basis for positive results. Keywords Bullying · School · Victimization · OBPP · Prevention · Adolescents
Introduction
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-020-01647-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Michael Kaess [email protected] 1
Department of Child and Adolescents Psychiatry, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Blumenstraße 8, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
2
Faculty of Behavioral and Cultural Studies, Institute of Psychology, University of Heidelberg, Hauptstraße 47‑51, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
3
University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bolligenstrasse 111, Stöckli, 3000 Bern 60, Switzerland
Bullying is defined as negative actions, which occur repeatedly and over a long period of time. It is discerned from peer-conflicts by an imbalance of power. Consequently, the person who is being bullied has diffic
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