Effects of Collagen Crosslink Augmentation on Mechanism of Compressive Load Sharing in Intervertebral Discs
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Effects of Collagen Crosslink Augmentation on Mechanism of Compressive Load Sharing in Intervertebral Discs Thomas P. Hedman1 • Weng-Pin Chen2 • Leou-Chyr Lin3 • Hsiu-Jen Lin2 Shih-Youeng Chuang3,4
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Received: 14 December 2015 / Accepted: 2 June 2016 Taiwanese Society of Biomedical Engineering 2017
Abstract Exogenous crosslinking has been shown to have potential for treating disc degeneration and back pain due to its ability to increase the strength and toughness of the annulus fibrosus, increase intervertebral joint stability, decrease intradiscal pressure, and increase fluid flow through the disc. Some results imply that crosslink augmentation may also lead to changes in the compressive load sharing properties of the disc. The objective of the present study was to evaluate directional stress distribution changes of the disc following genipin crosslinking treatment. Bovine lumbar motion segments were randomly divided into control and crosslinked groups. Annular strains were determined from simultaneous deformation measurements at various time points during compressive creep testing. Four stress components of the annulus were then calculated according to the previously measured modulus data. Immediately after the application of a 750-N compressive load, mean axial and radial compressive stresses in the crosslinked group were twofold higher than control means. Conversely, mean lamellae-aligned and circumferential tensile stresses of the crosslinked discs
& Shih-Youeng Chuang [email protected] 1
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
2
Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
3
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
4
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kang-Ning General Hospital, No.26, Ln. 420, Sec. 5, Chenggong Rd., Neihu Dist., Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
were 8- and threefold lower, respectively, compared to control means. After 1-h creep loading, the two compressive mean stresses in both the control and genipin-crosslinked specimens increased approximately threefold from their initial 750-N-loaded values. The two tensile mean stresses in the crosslinked group remained lower than the respective levels of the control means after creep loading. A greater proportion of annular compressive load support under compressive creep loading, with a commensurate decrease in both tensile stresses and strains, was seen in the discs following exogenous crosslink augmentation. Keywords Intervertebral disc Crosslink augmentation Compressive creep loading Load sharing Stress distribution
1 Introduction Extracellular matrix (ECM) modification, including agerelated tissue changes, can effect stress distributions and mechanisms of load sharing in intervertebral joints [1–3]. Intervertebral discs are considered to work synergistically with the posterior elements and ligamentous structures for providing passive restraint ca
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