Effects of Non-Zero Minimum Pressure Heads in Non-iterative Application of EPANET 2 in Pressure-Dependent Volume-Driven
- PDF / 1,175,646 Bytes
- 13 Pages / 439.37 x 666.142 pts Page_size
- 16 Downloads / 134 Views
Effects of Non-Zero Minimum Pressure Heads in Non-iterative Application of EPANET 2 in Pressure-Dependent Volume-Driven Analysis of Water Distribution Networks P. Sivakumar 1 & Nikolai B. Gorev 2 & Rajesh Gupta 3 & Tiku T. Tanyimboh 4 & Inna F. Kodzhespirova 2 & C. R. Suribabu 5 Received: 23 March 2020 / Accepted: 2 November 2020/ # Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract
While analysing a real network, the assumption of zero minimum pressure head as the elevation of demand node may lead to unrealistic results as some residual pressure is necessary to derive any outflow at the node. A more realistic minimum pressure head plays an important role for analysis of an existing or proposed network. The present study extends a novel method of pressure-dependent volume driven-analysis by investigating the effects of realistic minimum pressure heads. The novelty of the proposed method is to evaluate the practical impact of the zero minimum pressure head assumption under pressure-deficient condition in water distribution networks considering pipe isolation, fire demand, and altering total reservoir heads. The results obtained from the present method are compared with the results based on the more optimistic traditional assumption of zero minimum residual pressure-head. It is observed that time to fill the storage tanks under both normal and pressure-deficient conditions for non-zero minimum pressure head is higher. All the simulations were performed using graphical user interface of EPANET 2. Thus, the proposed approach can be used readily by researchers and practitioners without requiring any additional computational codes development. Keywords Pressure-dependent volume-driven analysis . Pressure-deficient networks . Simulation models . Non-zero minimum pressure head . Water distribution networks
1 Introduction EPANET 2 (Rossman 2000a) works on the principle of demand-driven analysis (DDA), in which available nodal outflows are always equal to the required demand irrespective of
* P. Sivakumar [email protected]; [email protected] Extended author information available on the last page of the article
Sivakumar P. et al.
available pressure head at the nodes. DDA results are valid only if the available pressure heads are more than the desirable pressure heads. To overcome the demerits of DDA, pressure-driven analysis (PDA) is used for determining the nodal outflow under pressure-deficient conditions of networks. The nodal outflows may be satisfied ― fully, partially or not at all ― depending on the available pressure head at the node. Normally, two pressure head levels are considered in PDA: a minimum pressure head below which no outflow is available; and desirable pressure head above which available outflow is equal to the demand. The partial outflow flow is obtained when available pressure head is in between these two heads. However, while defining a minimum pressure head requirement at a node, only the elevation of the node has been considered traditionally. This condition is referred herein as zero minimum pres
Data Loading...
