Effects of social distancing on psychological state and physical activity routines during the COVID-19 pandemic
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Effects of social distancing on psychological state and physical activity routines during the COVID‑19 pandemic Donatella Di Corrado1,5 · Paola Magnano1 · Benedetta Muzii2 · Marinella Coco3 · Maria Guarnera1 · Salvatore De Lucia4 · Nelson Mauro Maldonato4 Received: 15 July 2020 / Accepted: 29 August 2020 © Springer-Verlag Italia S.r.l., part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Background The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has affected the entire world. Since the reporting of the first cases, Italy has quickly become the country hit second firmest in the world by the coronavirus. Governments’ immediate protective restrictions modified the habit of the individuals and included full lockdowns of cities, travel, restricted social congregations, and suspended schools. Objectives The aim of this study was to survey the general community in Italy to better recognize their levels of psychological impact, emotional responses and maintaining their daily exercise or physical activity routines during the initial stage of the COVID-19 outbreak. Methods 670 adults were invited to complete an online survey collecting information on demographic data, physical and emotional symptoms in the past 14 days, contact history with COVID-19, and keeping regular physical activity. Data analysis was conducted through mixed qualitative and quantitative methods. Results During the initial phase of the COVID-19 outbreak in Italy, more than half of the respondents reported a significant psychological and physical impact. Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic is bringing significant challenges to people, families, and countries. For further studies, these findings can be used to advance psychological interventions to reduce the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. Keywords Coronavirus · Psychological impact · Physical activity · Lockdown
Introduction In December 2019, cases of life-threatening pneumonia were testified in Wuhan, China. A novel coronavirus (COVID-19) was recognized as the cause of infection, with the ability * Donatella Di Corrado [email protected] 1
Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, Kore University of Enna, 94100 Enna, Italy
2
Department of Humanistic Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
3
Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
4
Department of Neuroscience and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
5
Department of Sport Sciences, Kore University of Enna, Cittadella Universitaria, 94100 Enna, Italy
to penetrate the Central Nervous System via the olfactory neural pathway. The number of reported cases has rapidly increased, affecting the entire world. On 30 January 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) confirmed this disease a ‘public health emergency of international concern.’ In Italy, since the first case of COVID-19 (February 20th, 2020), a fast range of the contagions was testified in the first weeks of March. Italy has quickly b
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