Electric-Carrying Nanofriction Properties of Atomic-Scale Steps on Graphene
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Electric‑Carrying Nanofriction Properties of Atomic‑Scale Steps on Graphene Yuxiang Zhang2 · Yitian Peng1,2 · Haojie Lang2 · Yao Huang2 · Xing’an Cao2 Received: 7 February 2020 / Accepted: 22 October 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The electric-carrying nanofriction properties of graphene are vitally important in the reliability and lifetime of graphenebased micro-/nanoelectromechanical systems. However, ubiquitous atomic-scale steps on graphene have an impact on their friction properties. In this work, electric-carrying nanofriction properties of atomic-scale steps on graphene were studied using the conductive atomic force microscope. Lateral force at uncovered step increased noticeably with the increasing voltages. Electrostatic interaction between the tip and dangling bonds along the step edges significantly increases the lateral force. In contrast, the lateral force of covered steps has only a slight increase as the voltage increases. In addition, oxidation of graphene is more likely to occur at uncovered step due to water molecules adsorbed by dangling bonds. The observations provide a deeper insight into the frictional behavior of atomic-scale steps on graphene. Keywords Graphene · Friction · Oxidation · Step · C-AFM
1 Introduction As device size decreases to micron or even nanometer scale, friction and wear have become major failure problems for micro- and nanoelectromechanical systems (MEMS/NEMS) [1]. The emergence of two-dimensional materials, such as graphene, has brought new hope and approaches for solving friction and wear problems in MEMS/NEMS. Owing to its excellent mechanical and frictional properties, graphene is considered as a high-potential solid lubricant for MEMS/ NEMS [2, 3]. However, atomic steps on graphene are widely present [4], and the nanofriction properties of graphene were found to be strongly influenced by step edges [5]. Graphene in micro-/nano-devices usually works under the electric field or contact with the electrified body. When an electric field Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11249-020-01365-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Yitian Peng [email protected] 1
Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for High Performance Fiber Composites, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
College of Mechanical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
2
is applied to the sliding system, the structure of the sliding surfaces may be influenced by electrical properties, resulting in a change in frictional behavior [6, 7]. It is still unclear how atomic steps affect nanofriction properties of graphene under the electric field. Recently, the frictional behavior of atomic-scale steps on graphene has been studied by experiments and simulations. Graphene exhibits strikingly different frictional behavior in the interior region and at uncovered steps. Although graphene exerted extraordinary fri
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