Electrochemical Corrosion and In vitro Biocompatibility Performance of AZ31Mg/Al 2 O 3 Nanocomposite in Simulated Body F
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Electrochemical Corrosion and In vitro Biocompatibility Performance of AZ31Mg/Al2O3 Nanocomposite in Simulated Body Fluid A. Madhan Kumar, S. Fida Hassan, Ahmad A. Sorour, M. Paramsothy, and M. Gupta (Submitted January 4, 2018; in revised form April 26, 2018) In this present investigation, AZ31 alloy nanocomposite was prepared with the inclusion of Al2O3 nanoparticles using innovative disintegrated melt deposition (DMD) process followed by hot extrusion to improve the corrosion resistance and in vitro biocompatibility in simulated body fluid (SBF). This investigation systematically inspected the degradation performances of AZ31 alloy with Al2O3 nanoparticles through hydrogen evolution, weight loss and electrochemical methods in SBF. Further, the surface microstructure with the in vitro mineralization of the alloys in SBF was characterized by XRD, XPS, and SEM/EDS analysis. It was seen that the addition of Al2O3 nanoparticles significantly decreased the weight loss of AZ31 alloy substrates after 336 h of exposure in SBF. The corrosion resistance of the monolithic and nanocomposite samples was evaluated using potentiodynamic polarization tests, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements in short- and long-term periods. Accordingly, the electrochemical analysis in SBF showed that the corrosion resistance performance of the AZ31 alloy enhanced considerably due to the incorporation of Al2O3 nanoparticles as reinforcement. Moreover, the rapid formation of bone-like apatite layer on the surface of the nanocomposite substrate demonstrated a good bioactivity of the nanocomposite samples in SBF. Keywords
Al2O3 nanoparticles, AZ31Mg, corrosion, EIS
1. Introduction Magnesium (Mg) and its alloys are considered as a promising material for the next-generation degradable orthopedic implant because it can support the bone as long as needed and then degrade or be absorbed as soon as healing has sufficiently progressed. Specifically, researches have revealed that the mechanical properties and biocompatibility of Mg are similar to those of natural human bone from the relevant of density, yield strength and YoungÕs elastic modulus, which could efficiently lower the ‘‘stress-shielding effect’’ (Ref 1). Furthermore, post-surgery to remove the implant after adequate bone healing is not necessary for the biodegradable Mg implants as the degradation product of Mg has distinctive biocompatibility performance; excess Mg2+ ions are regulated by the kidneys and removed by renal elimination. Besides, Mg A. Madhan Kumar and Ahmad A. Sorour, Center of Research Excellence in Corrosion, Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; S. Fida Hassan and Ahmad A. Sorour, Department of Mechanical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, P.O. Box 1061, Dhahran 31261, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; M. Paramsothy, School of Science and Technology, Singapore University of Social Sciences (SUSS), 461 Clementi Road, Singapore 599491, Singapore; and
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