Electromagnetic Noise and Quantum Optical Measurements
Electromagnetic Noise and Quantum Optical Measurements is the result of more than 40 years of research and teaching. The first three chapters provide the background necessary to understand the basic concepts. Then shot noise and thermal noise are discusse
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Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH
Physics and Astronomy
ONUNE LlBRARY
http://www.springer.de/phys/
Advanced Texts in Physics This program of advanced texts covers a broad spectrum of topics which are of current and emerging interest in physics. Each book provides a comprehensive and yet accessible introduction to a field at the forefront of modern research. As such, these texts are intended for senior undergraduate and graduate students at the MS and PhD level; however, research scientists seeking an introduction to particular areas of physics will also benefit from the titles in this collection.
Hermann A. Haus
Eleetromagnetie Noise and Quantum Optieal Measurements With 151 Figures and 117 Problems with 41 Selected Solutions Solutions Manual for Instructors on Request Directly from Springer-Verlag
Springer
Professor Hermann A. Haus Massachusetts Institute of Technology Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences Vassar Street 50, Oftice 36-345 Cambridge, MA 02139, USA E-mai!: hauslOmi t . adu
Library ofCongress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Haus, Hermann A. Electromagnetic noise and quantum optica! measurements / Hennann Haus. p. cm. -- (Advanced texts in physics, ISSN 1439-2674) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-3-642-08462-1 ISBN 978-3-662-04190-1 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-662-04190-1 1. Electronic circuits--Noise. 2. Electromagnetic noise--Measurement. 3. Quantum optics--Measurement. 4. Optoelectronic devices--Noise. 5. Interference (Light) 1. Title. TI. Series. TK7867.5 .H38 2000 621.382'24--dc21
99-045237
ISSN 1439-2674
ISBN 978-3-642-08462-1 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer-Verlag. Violations are liable for prosecution under the German Copyright Law. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2000 Originally published by Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York in 2000 Softcover reprint of the hardcover l5t edition 2000
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Typesetting: Camera ready from the author using a Springer TJ3X macro package Cover design: design & production GmbH, Heidelberg Printed on acid-free paper
SPIN 10701179
56/3141/di
54 3 21o
Preface
Throughout my professional career I have been fascinated by problems involving electrical noise. In this book I would like to describe aspects of electrical noise somewhat in the manner of a Russian matry
