Elevated salivary uric acid levels among adolescents with eating disorders
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Elevated salivary uric acid levels among adolescents with eating disorders Ruth Giesser1 · Tanya Goltser‑Dubner1,2 · Dalya Pevzner1,2 · Amit Shalev1 · Ranin Masarwa1 · Laura Canetti2 · Ayelet Meltzer1 · Nidal Qutna1 · Roi Ratson1 · Ela Kianski1 · Shikma Keller2 · Esti Galili‑Weisstub1 · Ronen Segman1,2 Received: 8 July 2019 / Accepted: 14 October 2019 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019
Abstract Objective Uric acid (UA) is increasingly recognized as having important physiological roles and associated with several peripheral and central pathophysiological outcomes, and might play a role in eating disorders (ED) pathogenesis. We investigated whether UA levels are altered among adolescents with ED. Methods Morning salivary UA concentrations were compared between adolescents referred to treatment at the Herman Dana Center receiving a DSM-V diagnosis of an ED and matched healthy controls. Results Salivary UA was significantly elevated among ED compared with control values (ED mean 3.9 ± 1.2 mg/dl, control mean 2.9 ± 1.9 mg/dl, t = − 3.13 df = 81, p = 0.003). Discussion Salivary UA is elevated among adolescents with ED. Further studies are required to replicate and extend this finding and evaluate its generalizability as a state or trait marker as regards ED subtypes, other body fluids (plasma and cerebrospinal fluid), and recovery or premorbid stages, as well as its putative mechanistic relevance to ED. Level of Evidence Level III, case-control analytic study. Keywords Salivary uric acid · Eating disorder · Anorexia nervosa · Adolescents · Bulimia nervosa
Introduction Uric acid, the end product of purine metabolism, is actively reabsorbed by the kidney, suggesting a physiological role [9]. In humans, elevated UA may lead to systemic complications, including arthritic gout as solubility limit is exceeded, and is associated with cardiovascular, metabolic, and renal complications [37]. Uric acid and purines, including adenosine and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), have been implicated in the modulation of central nervous system functions such as convulsive threshold, memory, cognition, Ruth Giesser and Tanya Goltser-Dubner have contributed equally to this work. * Ronen Segman [email protected] 1
Herman‑Dana Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
2
sleep, activity, appetite, mood, social interaction, drive, impulsivity, and intelligence [4, 33]. Lower serum UA has been reported in neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson’s disease [12], Alzheimer’s disease [17], and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis [1], suggesting neuroprotective effects. Previous studies reported elevated plasma UA levels among bipolar disorder patients [5] and lower levels among major depression and anxiety disorders patients, [8] with a tendency to normalize following treatment [6]. Umeki [41] repor
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