Emission Efficiency of Terahertz Antennas with Conventional Topology and Metal Metasurface: A Comparative Analysis
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IR, AND TERAHERTZ OPTICS
Emission Efficiency of Terahertz Antennas with Conventional Topology and Metal Metasurface: A Comparative Analysis D. V. Lavrukhina, b, *, A. E. Yachmeneva, I. A. Glinskiya, N. V. Zenchenkoa, b, R. A. Khabibullina, Yu. G. Goncharovc, I. E. Spektorc, K. I. Zaytsevb, c, and D. S. Ponomareva a Institute
of Ultrahigh-Frequency Semiconductor Electronics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117105 Russia b Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Moscow, 105005 Russia c Prokhorov General Physics Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991 Russia *е-mail: [email protected] Received December 17, 2019; revised January 10, 2020; accepted February 28, 2020
Abstract—Characteristics of photoconductive antennas (PCAs)—radiation sources with conventional topology and a metal metasurface in the shape of a plasmonic grating made on the basis of InGaAs/InAlAs superlattice heterostructures—have been studied experimentally. The photocurrents and THz power spectra of samples of PCAs have been measured, the energy characteristics of terahertz (THz) radiation, and the optical-to-THz conversion efficiency at different bias voltages and average laser excitation power have been determined. For PCAs with a metasurface, the integrated THz radiation power of 10 μW and a conversion efficiency of up to 0.2%, unattainable for antennas with conventional topology due to their thermal breakdown, have been demonstrated experimentally. Therefore, it can be stated that PCAs with a metasurface are efficient sources of THz radiation and can become an element base for constructing THz spectroscopy systems associated with solving medical diagnostic problems. Keywords: terahertz pulsed spectroscopy, element base of terahertz optics, photoconductive antenna, plasmonic grating, metasurface, optical field plasmon localization, semiconductors, noninvasive medicine DOI: 10.1134/S0030400X20070103
INTRODUCTION The application of methods of terahertz (THz) pulsed spectroscopy and imaging to solve applied problems of medical diagnosis of malignant neoplasms of various nosology and localization has recently become increasingly relevant [1–4]. As achievements, one can indicate the possibility of using THz technologies in problems of early noninvasive and intraoperative diagnostics of malignant tumors of skin and mucosa [5–9], minimally invasive and intraoperative diagnostics of intestinal [10, 11] and stomach [12] neoplasms, as well as intraoperative diagnosis of breast [13–15] and brain [16–19] tumors. Due to the possibility of simultaneous obtaining information on the amplitude and phase of electromagnetic waves that were reflected from or transmitted through an object of study, coherent (pulsed) methods of generation and detection of THz radiation are most promising approach to solving problems of medical diagnostics [3, 20]. Such systems efficiently operate at room temperature ensuring the dynamic range of up to 110 dB [21] in the frequency range between 0.1 and 4.5 THz.
Photoconductive antennas (PCAs) based on GaAs an
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