English Pronunciation in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries
This work provides a detailed account of word level pronunciation in England and Scotland between 1700 and 1900. All major and minor source materials are presented in depth and there is a close discussion of contemporary attitudes to pronunciation standar
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English Pronunciation in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries
Also by Charles Jones GRAMMATICAL GENDER IN ENGLISH 950–1250 A HISTORY OF ENGLISH PHONOLOGY A LANGUAGE SUPPRESSED: The Pronunciation of Scots in the Eighteenth Century THE EDINBURGH HISTORY OF THE SCOTS LANGUAGE
English Pronunciation in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries
Charles Jones
© Charles Jones 2006 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2006 978-1-4039-4723-9 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4LP. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserted his right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published in 2006 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010 Companies and representatives throughout the world. PALGRAVE MACMILLAN is the global academic imprint of the Palgrave Macmillan division of St. Martin’s Press, LLC and of Palgrave Macmillan Ltd. Macmillan® is a registered trademark in the United States, United Kingdom and other countries. Palgrave is a registered trademark in the European Union and other countries. ISBN 978-1-349-52424-2 ISBN 978-0-230-50340-3 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9780230503403
This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Jones, Charles, 1939– English pronunciation in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries / Charles Jones. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. English language – 18th century – Pronunciation. 2. English language – 19th century – Pronunciation. I. Title. PE1137.J548 2005 421’.52—dc22 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 15 14 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06
2005050344
For Derek Britton Scholar, Colleague and Friend
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Contents Preface
Part I 1
x
1700–1750
Background 1.1 Grammar and education in the first half of the eighteenth century 1.2 Usage versus prescription
3 3 10
2 Sound/Symbol Representations: The Case For and Against Manipulation of the Orthography 2.1 The case anti2.2 The case pro2.3 A balanced debate 2.4 Some radical orthographic innovations
19 19 21 33 35
3 The Sound System: Description and Classification 3.1 Major class distinctions 3.2 Vowel description 3.3 Diphthongs and double vowels 3.4 Consonantal segment description
46 46 49 53 56
4 The Vowel Phonology 4.1 Palatal or front vowel segments
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