Enhancing lipid productivity by modulating lipid catabolism using the CRISPR-Cas9 system in Chlamydomonas
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Enhancing lipid productivity by modulating lipid catabolism using the CRISPR-Cas9 system in Chlamydomonas Thu Ha Thi Nguyen 1 & Seunghye Park 1 & Jooyeon Jeong 1 & Ye Sol Shin 2 & Sang Jun Sim 2 & EonSeon Jin 1 Received: 14 February 2020 / Revised and accepted: 1 June 2020 # Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract In response to the energy crisis microalgae are a promising feedstock for biofuel production. The use of metabolic engineering to improve yields of biofuel-related lipid components in microalgae, without affecting cell growth, is now recognized as a promising and more economically feasible approach to develop more sustainable energy sources. For this, we generated Chlamydomonas mutant strains using CRISPR-Cas9 technology to knockout a gene involved in fatty acid (FA) degradation. In the knockout mutant, total lipid accumulated up to 28% of dried biomass, while that of wild-type (WT) was 22%. This increase was also accompanied by a noticeable shift in FA composition with an increase up to 27.2% in the C18:1 proportion. In addition, these mutants showed comparable growth rate to the WT, indicating that inhibiting lipid catabolism through gene editing technology is a promising strategy to develop microalgal strains for biofuel production. Keywords Lipid catabolism . CRISPR-Cas9 technology . Metabolic engineering . Chlorophyta
Introduction Global CO2 emissions have risen, while fossil fuel abundance has drastically fallen. There is an increasingly urgent need to develop alternative fuels. Natural biofuels are promising sources of such alternative fuels. However, for biofuel production is to be a reality, the entire production process must be improved to reduce costs and increase efficiency (Moreira and Pires 2016). Microalgae and cyanobacteria are promising biological sources of various fuel-relevant molecules including lipids, ethanol, and hydrocarbons (Radakovits et al. 2010). Eukaryotic microalgae have received much attention due to Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-020-02172-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Sang Jun Sim [email protected] * EonSeon Jin [email protected] 1
Department of Life Science, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, 222, Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
2
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seoungbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
their ability to produce triacylglycerol (TAG), especially in nutrition-deprived conditions. These neutral lipid compounds can be converted into fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs), the primary component of biodiesel, through transesterification processes, or refined into other fuel constituents (Pienkos and Darzins 2009). Total lipids and other biomass compositions can be converted into crude oil alternatives through thermochemical processes, such as hydrothermal liquefaction (López Barreiro et al. 2013). However, the economic feasibility of using mi
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