Enhancing the electrical properties of Bi 4 Ti 3 O 12 (BiT) matrix by special alloying and sintering
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Enhancing the electrical properties of Bi4Ti3O12 (BiT) matrix by special alloying and sintering V. L. Bessa1,2, J. E. V. De Morais1, R. G. M. Oliveira1,* , D. B. Freitas1,2, J. C. Sales1,4, F. F. Do Carmo1,3, M. A. S. Silva1, D. X. Gouveia5, and A. S. B. Sombra1,2 1
LOCEM -Telecommunication and Materials Science and Engineering of Laboratory, Physics Department, Federal University of Ceará, P.O. Box 6030, Fortaleza, Ceará 60455-760, Brazil 2 Telecommunication Engineering Department, Federal University of Ceará, P.O. Box 6007, Fortaleza, Ceará 60755-640, Brazil 3 Chemistry Department, Federal University of Ceara, UFC, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil 4 State University Valley of Acaraú, UVA, Sobral, Ceará, Brazil 5 Federal Institute of Ceará, Fortaleza/IFCE Campus, Fortaleza, Ceará 63400-000, Brazil
Received: 14 July 2020
ABSTRACT
Accepted: 20 October 2020
In this work, the electrical properties of Bi4Ti3O12 (BiT) were investigated; those presenting interesting electrical and dielectric properties in the radiofrequency (RF) and microwave (MW) range were analysed. BiT has many applications in telecommunication systems and MW circuits. It was synthesized by the solidstate reaction method, and X-ray diffraction was used for structural characterization of this phase. The properties in the RF range were measured by impedance spectroscopy. An imaginary impedance relaxation peak and high values for real impedance were found. The complex impedance plane plots show the presence of a semicircle that was adjusted by an R-CPE circuit, presenting a thermoactive process for the load carriers. The dielectric properties in the MW range were measured using the Hakki–Coleman method, and the thermal stability was measured using the Silva–Fernandes–Sombra (SFS) technique. BiT was tested as an antenna and distant field parameters were measured and simulated.
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Springer Science+Business
Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
1 Introduction The search for new materials that have important properties in the radiofrequency and microwave range is intense in research laboratories around the world, among them is bismuth titanate (Bi4Ti3O12), which belongs to the Aurivillius family [1]. This structure is an intermediate compound of the Bi2O3-
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https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-020-04727-3
TiO2 system and is formed by stacking (Bi2O2)?2 tetrahedrons and pseudo-perovskite layers of Bi2Ti3O10 [2]. Since this structure still presents a preferential conductance direction along the (Bi2O2)?2 layer, it is difficult to obtain a high polarization. In the literature, BiT has many applications; in [3] it was synthesized by the high-temperature solid-phase method, which explains its visible catalytic activity.
J Mater Sci: Mater Electron
Oxides containing a bismuth layer structure are well known for their properties and high visible catalytic activity. Navarro-Rojero et al. [2] analysed intermediate phase formation during the synthesis of Bi4Ti3O12 by solid-state reaction and detected the for
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