Eosinophils in the Tumor Microenvironment
Eosinophils are rare blood-circulating and tissue-infiltrating immune cells studied for decades in the context of allergic diseases and parasitic infections. Eosinophils can secrete a wide array of soluble mediators and effector molecules, with potential
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Eosinophils in the Tumor Microenvironment Fabrizio Mattei, Sara Andreone, Giancarlo Marone, Adriana Rosa Gambardella, Stefania Loffredo, Gilda Varricchi, and Giovanna Schiavoni
Abstract
Eosinophils are rare blood-circulating and tissue- infiltrating immune cells studied for decades in the context of allergic diseases and parasitic infections. Eosinophils can secrete a wide array of soluble mediators and effector molecules, with potential immunoregulatory activities in the tumor microenvironment (TME). These findings imply that these cells may play a role in cancer immunity. Despite these cells were known to infiltrate tumors since many years ago, their role in TME is gaining attention only recently. In this chapter, we will review the main biological functions of eosinophils that can be relevant within the TME. We will discuss how these cells may undergo phenotypic changes acquiring pro- or antitumoricidal properties
F. Mattei · S. Andreone · A. R. Gambardella G. Schiavoni (*) Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy e-mail: [email protected] G. Marone Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali dei Colli - Monaldi Hospital Pharmacy, Naples, Italy
according to the surrounding stimuli. Moreover, we will analyze canonical (i.e., degranulation) and unconventional mechanisms (i.e., DNA traps, exosome secretion) employed by eosinophils in inflammatory contexts, which can be relevant for tumor immune responses. Finally, we will review the available preclinical models that could be employed for the study of the role in vivo of eosinophils in cancer. Keywords
Angiogenesis · Cancer · Cationic proteins · CD8+ T cells · Cytotoxicity · Eosinophil · Exosomes · Extracellular Traps · Immune regulation · Lymphangiogenesis · Mast cell · Mouse models · Tumor Immunity · Tumor Microenvironment · Tumor prognostic value
S. Loffredo · G. Varricchi (*) Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy WAO Center of Excellence, Naples, Italy Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology “G. Salvatore” (IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 A. Birbrair (ed.), Tumor Microenvironment, Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 1273, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49270-0_1
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List of Abbreviations AEC Absolute eosinophils count ANGPTs Angiopoietins ADCC Antibody-dependent cell- mediated cytotoxicity Ag Antigen APCs Antigen-presenting cells A. fumigatus Aspergillus fumigatus BECs Blood endothelial cells BAL Bronchoalveolar lavage CAFs Cancer-associated fibroblasts CEL Chronic eosinophilic leukemia DCs Dendritic cells ECP Eosinophil cationic protein EDN Eosinophil-derived neurotoxin EPX Eosinophil peroxidase E. coli Escherichia coli EXO Exosomes EV Extrac
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