Euglena tuba extract provides protection against lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response and oxidative stress i
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Euglena tuba extract provides protection against lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response and oxidative stress in mice Rashmi Kesherwani 1 & Raushan Kumar 1 & Ujla Minhas 1 & Syed Ibrahim Rizvi 1 Received: 7 July 2020 / Accepted: 5 October 2020 # Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences 2020
Abstract Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an endotoxin, is known to induce inflammatory response and oxidative stress in rodents. We evaluated the protective role of Euglena tuba extract (ETME) against LPS induced inflammatory response and oxidative stress in male Balb/c mice. Male Balb/c mice were divided into 4 groups. Group 1 (control) were intraperitoneally administered 0.5 mL PBS. Group 2, 3 and 4 were treated with a single dose of LPS (i.p. 40 mg/kg body weight). Prior 1 h, Group 3 and 4 received orally 100 mg/kg body weight and 200 mg/kg body weight ETME respectively. Biomarkers of oxidative stress including TBARS, SOD, Catalase, Liver marker enzyme (SGPT and SGOT), Nitric Oxide, and inflammatory cytokines including IL-6 and TNF-α, were estimated in serum. Oxidative stress and inflammatory markers were significantly increased in the LPS treated group, whereas ETME treated group at different concentrations protected mice from pro inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress. Our results indicate that 70% methanolic extract of Euglena tuba can efficiently counteract free radical generation and increased level of inflammatory cytokine in an LPS induced mice model. Keywords Mice . Lipopolysaccharide . Inflammatory cytokines . Oxidative stress . Euglena tuba
Abbreviations LPS Lipopolysaccharide ETME Methanolic extract of Euglena tuba TBARS Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances SOD Superoxide Dismutase NBT Nitroblue tetrazolium SGPT Serum Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase SGOT Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase NO Nitric oxide i NOS Inducible nitric oxide synthase
Introduction Euglena tuba is an alga that is predominantly found in freshwater ponds, puddles, lakes, and river banks, forming seasonal algal bloom prominently at warm temperatures during * Syed Ibrahim Rizvi [email protected] 1
Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, India
conditions of lower dissolved oxygen and acidic environment. Blooms fully cover the pond forming a deep red to greenish coloured continuous layer on the surface of the water (Deb 2015). Various bioactive compounds like phenolics, flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, terpenoids, saponins, carbohydrates, and ascorbic acid are present in Euglena tuba which provide many documented medicinal properties (Chaudhuri et al. 2014). Studies have shown that Euglena tuba has antioxidant, hepatoprotective, iron-chelator, antitumor activities and can induce apoptosis through ROS- mediated MAPK regulation (Panja et al. 2014, 2016). Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an endotoxin, is the key component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. The administration of LPS to mice is a widely used strategy to induce an acute systemic inflammatory respo
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