Evaluation of chromium accumulation and resulting histopathological changes in Libyan jirds (Mammals, Rodentia), affecte
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Evaluation of chromium accumulation and resulting histopathological changes in Libyan jirds (Mammals, Rodentia), affected by effluent from Ghazghan leather industrial town, Iran Farideh Baratzadeh Poustchi 1 & Fatemeh Tabatabaei Yazdi 1
&
Ava Heidari 1 & Zahra Moosavi 2
Received: 3 January 2020 / Accepted: 18 June 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The leather industry is one of the major producers of wastewater, releasing large amounts of various chemicals into the environment. Chromium (Cr) is the most commonly used agent in the tanning industry. Accumulation in the animal body can adversely affect the functioning of animal tissues. The current study investigated the toxic effects of Cr on lung, kidney, liver, and testicular tissues in Libyan jirds (Meriones libycus) inhabiting the area surrounding Ghazghan leather industrial town, Mashhad, Iran. Average Cr concentrations were found to be significantly higher in samples from contaminated areas than controls (p < 0.05). The highest accumulation of Cr was found in lung tissue, while the liver tissue showed the lowest. The results also showed that sex and age had no significant effect on Cr accumulation in any tissue at either sampling area (p < 0.05). Histological analyses showed that Cr accumulation had caused changes in tissue samples from Libyan jirds from the contaminated area. Hyperemia was observed in all tissues. In kidney tissue, necrosis and degeneration of the epithelial cells of the tubules were seen as well, and in one case, we also observed hemorrhage. In liver tissue, necrosis, degeneration, and inflammation were observed, along with one case, of fibrosis. In lung tissue, we observed emphysema, hemorrhage, and inflammation. Testicular tissue also showed a considerable lesion. Given the proximity of specimens’ habitat to an area of importance, i.e., the industrial town, and the species’ dependence on its habitat for nutrition, Libyan jirds are particularly useful for monitoring. Thus, they can be used to monitor the level of contamination in future studies. Keywords Chromium . Histopathology . Leather industry . Small mammals . Tannery wastewater
Introduction Various industrial processes produce large quantities of metal pollutants and thereby affect natural ecosystems, plants, and animals (de Souza et al., 2016; Hamidian et al., 2014). The leather industry is one of the most polluting industries (Saxena et al., 2016; Guimarães et al., 2019) because the tanning
Responsible editor: Lotfi Aleya * Fatemeh Tabatabaei Yazdi [email protected] 1
Department of Environment, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
2
Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
process is accompanied by the production of organic and inorganic compounds such as acids, phenols, sulfates, sulfides, and toxic elements, especially chromium (de Souza et al., 2016; Guimarães et al., 2019). The most import
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