Evaluation of Olfactory Acuity in Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Evaluation of Olfactory Acuity in Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Naveed Nazir Shah1 • Raj Tajamul Hussain2 Mariya Ali1
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Hena Mustafa1 • Mehvish Mushtaq1
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Received: 20 September 2020 / Accepted: 19 October 2020 Ó Association of Otolaryngologists of India 2020
Abstract Aim and Objectives To describe the prevalence and characteristics of olfactory dysfunction (OD) in patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 infection. Materials and Methods This monocentric study was performed at Chest Diseases Hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic and all patients testing positive for COVID-19 over a 5-month period (April to August 2020) were recruited. Detailed history was elicited from subjects and all patients were inquired about olfactory dysfunction (OD). Patients with olfactory dysfunction were asked to complete olfactory questionnaires based on the short version of the Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorders-Negative Statements (sQOD-NS). Results 655 patients with mild to moderate COVID-19 infection were included in the study. The prevalence rate of olfactory dysfunction was 18.47% (n = 121) with contribution of 11.60% (n = 76) and 6.87% (n = 45) from anosmia and hyposmia respectively, thereby suggesting olfactory dysfunction to be a significant clinical feature in COVID-19 patients. Males were significantly more affected by olfactory dysfunctions than females. Anosmic patients had significantly reduced sQOD-NS results as compared to hyposmic patients (significant at P \ 0.05). The mean duration of OD was 7.7 days (± 4.3) and [90% patients in our study showed resolution within 14 days. & Raj Tajamul Hussain [email protected] Naveed Nazir Shah [email protected] 1
Department of Respiratory Medicine, GMC, Srinagar, India
2
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, SHKMGMC, Nuh, India
Conclusion The early recognition of olfactory dysfunction should help to screen, identify and thereby quickly isolate mildly symptomatic COVID-19 patients from the general population and the existence of these dysfunctions may well be a prognostic factor in the course of the disease. Keywords Coronavirus COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 Olfactory dysfunction Anosmia Hyposmia sQOD-NS Kashmir
Introduction Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by a newly discovered coronavirus. The virus is now known as the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This current viral pandemic started from Wuhan, China, in December 2019 and has spread exponentially to the rest of the world [1]. This is the third novel coronavirus in last 17 years and phylogenetically it is closely related to bat-derived SARS like coronaviruses [2]. SARS-CoV-2 virus utilizes spiny protein S1, which is responsible for making the virion adhere to cell membrane and the host ACE2 receptor [3]. ACE2 is a functional receptor for SARS-CoV-2, and its nervous system expression and distribution indicates that SARSCoV-2 can induce neurological manifestations via direct or indirect pathways [4]. Because of the unusual mo
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