Evaluation of Terpene-Volatile Compounds Repellent to the Coffee Berry Borer, Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari) (Coleoptera:
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Evaluation of Terpene-Volatile Compounds Repellent to the Coffee Berry Borer, Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Carmenza E. Góngora 1 & Johanna Tapias 1 & Jorge Jaramillo 1 & Ruben Medina 2 & Sebastian Gonzalez 3 & Herley Casanova 3 & Aristófeles Ortiz 4 & Pablo Benavides 1 Received: 15 January 2020 / Revised: 2 June 2020 / Accepted: 20 July 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The coffee berry borer (CBB) is one of the main coffee pests in the world including Colombia. This pest is difficult to manage because of its cryptic habits and the continuous availability of coffee fruits. Among the new management strategies being tested is the use of volatile compounds as insect repellents. In this work, the behavioral response of female adult CBBs to terpenes previously identified in the CBB-repellent plant species Lantana camara was evaluated. α-Terpinene, (R)-limonene, farnesene and β-caryophyllene terpenes were tested via a Y-tube olfactometer in which ripe coffee fruits were accompanied by terpenes at concentrations between 25 and 200 ppm. Only β-caryophyllene induced a significant and consistent CBB repellent effect at all tested doses. The protective effect of microencapsulated β-caryophyllene was then determined under laboratory conditions by incorporating the terpene in a colloidosome-gel system at 2.8 × 105 ng/h in the middle of coffee fruits with adult CBBs. The coffee fruits in turn presented a decrease in fruit infestation. Furthermore, the protection of coffee fruits when β-caryophyllene gels were hung in coffee trees was evaluated in the field; infestations were artificially induced by the use of raisins (CBB-infested old coffee fruits) placed on the ground. Compared with unprotected trees, the trees treated with caryophyllene gels exhibited a 33 to 45% lower degree of infestation. Taken together, the results show that β-caryophyllene is a promising compound for an integrated pest management (IPM) program in commercial coffee plantations. Keywords β-caryophyllene . repellency . olfactometry . volatiles . coffee berry borer . agroecological control
Introduction Coffee is the principal crop species in Colombia, with a planting area of nearly 900,000 ha. The coffee berry borer (CBB), Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae), continues to be the main pest of coffee in the country because it attacks coffee fruits, reducing their
* Carmenza E. Góngora [email protected] 1
Department of Entomology, National Coffee Research Center, Cenicafé, Manizales, Colombia
2
Department of Biometrics, National Coffee Research Center,, Cenicafé, Manizales, Colombia
3
Colloidosomes Group, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
4
Department of Plant Physiology, Coffee Research Center, Cenicafé, Manizales, Colombia
commercial value (Federación Nacional de Cafeteros 2018). The CBB is difficult to control because of the continuous availability of coffee fruits that are suitable for a
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