Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Metabolites of Bacterial Strains Bacillus thuringiensis against Human Influenza Virus
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Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine, Vol. 169, No. 5, September, 2020 IMMUNOLOGY AND MICROBIOLOGY
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Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Metabolites of Bacterial Strains Bacillus thuringiensis against Human Influenza Virus A/Aichi/2/68 (H3N2) In Vitro and In Vivo I. S. Andreeva1, N. A. Mazurkova1, A. I. Zakabunin2, L. I. Puchkova1, E. I. Filippova1, and A. S. Safatov1
Translated from Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 169, No. 5, pp. 583-586, May, 2020 Original article submitted January 13, 2020 The morphological and physiological characteristics of Bacillus thuringiensis strains were analyzed and conditions for obtaining culture fluid with maximum yield of secreted RNases were determined. Zymographic analysis showed that culture fluid of B. thuringiensis strains along with low-molecular-weight (15-20 kDa) RNases contained enzymes with a molecular weight ~55 kDa and their content depended on the duration and conditions of culturing. Preparations based on B. thuringiensis culture fluid were effective against human influenza virus A/Aichi/2/68 (H3N2). In experiments on mice infected with 10 LD50 influenza virus strain A/Aichi/2/68 (H3N2), we selected effective variants of preparations based on culture fluid of B. thuringiensi strains for preventive administration that provided reliable protection of infected animals (protection coefficient 50%), close to that of the reference drug Tamiflu. Key Words: Bacillus thuringiensis; antiviral activity; human influenza virus High spread of influenza and short-term immunity against this infection leading to repeated epidemics characterized by severe consequences for the patients’ health and working capacity require the development and search for new protective preparations against influenza infection. Ribonucleases (RNases) are the most important enzymes of RNA metabolism exhibiting high specificity to certain nucleotide sequences and structures [9]. Special attention is paid to biological effects of ribonucleases such as antiviral and cytotoxic activities [5,11]. Almost all studied species of bacilli, including B. thuringiensis (Bt), possess ribonucleases that exhibit a wide range of biological effects against pro- and eukaryotic cells [4,14]. Ribonucleases produced by bacilli exhibited antiviral activity against RNA-containing viruses such as polio, tick-borne State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology Vector, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region; 2Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia. Address for correspondence: [email protected]. I. S. Andreeva 1
encephalitis, and rabies viruses [3,7,13]. Ribonucleases are widely used in practice to study the structure and function of nucleic acids and as drugs in antiviral therapy and oncology [5,12]. It should be noted that Bt RNases are poorly studied; there are several domestic publications on the isolation of extracell
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