Evolution of novel rGO/ZrHCF composite and utility in electrocatalysis towards nanomolar detection of sodium nitrite and
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Evolution of novel rGO/ZrHCF composite and utility in electrocatalysis towards nanomolar detection of sodium nitrite and ferulic acid S. Saranya1 and P. N. Deepa1,* 1
Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Madras, Guindy campus, Chennai, Tamilnadu 600 025, India
Received: 20 June 2020
ABSTRACT
Accepted: 4 September 2020
Novel composite of reduced graphene oxide/zirconium hexacyanoferrate (rGO/ZrHCF) was fabricated via electrochemical deposition and used as a sensor for detecting sodium nitrite and ferulic acid. The sensor was thoroughly characterized using scanning electron microscope, DRS-UV, attenuated total reflection IR spectroscopy as well as atomic force microscopy. The rGO/ZrHCF exhibited cube-like morphology of ZrHCF on multilayered rGO sheets. Electrochemical characterization was carried out using cyclic voltammetry and square wave voltammetry for the detection of ferulic acid and sodium nitrite. Ferulic acid and sodium nitrite are used as food additives and the overdose of either of them can result in various physiological ailments and necessitates their detection. The proposed sensor could detect both sodium nitrite and ferulic acid at nanomolar levels exhibiting linearity in the range of 1.14 to 13.77 nM and 3.23 to 41.98 nM, respectively. The corresponding limit of detection was 0.38 nM and 1.39 nM. The rGO/ZrHCF-modified electrode was checked for real sample analysis by carrying out determination of sodium nitrite and ferulic acid in water and milk samples and the recovery percentages were found to be in between 96.15 and 99.80. The sensor exhibited long-term stability and reproducibility.
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Springer Science+Business
Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
1 Introduction Graphene oxide is a two-dimensional oxygenated carbon nanosheet and is hydrophilic in nature [1]. It has been used in a variety of application like supercapacitors, biosensors, and in developing new technologies in the field of medicine [2–4]. However, GO has insulating property and in order to overcome this
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https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-020-04430-3
drawback, various protocols including the reduction of GO (rGO) or by compositing it with conducting materials like polymers, metals, nanoparticles have been envisaged. The reduction of graphene oxide can be carried out via thermal, electrochemical, or chemical methods. Among these, rGO synthesis using electrochemical method is considered as the best approach as it is a simple, low cost and provides
J Mater Sci: Mater Electron
for higher stability [5–7]. This single atomic thick layer of graphite with closely packed, conjugated and hexagonally connected carbon atoms gained great importance in research field due to its larger specific surface area, good mechanical strength, excellent chemical stability, light weight, and high electric and thermal conductivity [8]. Graphene-based composites are important materials in electronics [9], energy storage [10], medicine [11], and bio-sensing [12] due to their physicoc
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