Exercise-Based Interventions for Injury Prevention in Tackle Collision Ball Sports: A Systematic Review
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SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Exercise-Based Interventions for Injury Prevention in Tackle Collision Ball Sports: A Systematic Review Nicola Sewry1 • Evert Verhagen1,2 • Mike Lambert1,2 • Willem van Mechelen1,2 Wayne Viljoen1,3 • Clint Readhead1,3 • James Brown1,2
•
Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2017
Abstract Background The injury burden in collision sports is relatively high compared to other team sports. Therefore, participants in these sports would benefit by having effective injury prevention programs. Exercise-based interventions have successfully reduced injuries in soccer, but evidence on exercise-based interventions in tackle collision sports is limited. Objective The objective of this review is to systematically examine the evidence of exercise-based intervention programs reducing injuries in tackle collision sports. Data sources PubMed, EBSCOHost, and Web of Science were searched for articles published between January 1995 and December 2015. The methodological quality was assessed using an adapted Cochrane Bone Joint and Muscle Trauma Group quality assessment tool. Study selection The inclusion criteria were (1) (randomized) control trials and observational studies; (2) sporting codes: American, Australian and Gaelic Football, rugby union, and rugby league; (3) participants of any age or sex; (4) exercise-based, prehabilitative intervention; and (5) primary outcome was injury rate or incidence (injury risk). The exclusion criteria were (1) unavailability of full-text; and (2) article unavailable in English.
Results Nine studies with a total of 3517 participants were included in this review. Seven of these studies showed a significant decrease in injury risk. These studies included three sporting codes and various age groups, making it difficult to make inferences. The two highest methodological quality studies found no effect of an exercisebased intervention on injury risk. Conclusions There is evidence that exercise-based injury preventions can be beneficial in reducing injury risk in collision sports, but more studies of high methodological quality are required.
Key Points No high methodological quality studies have found a statistically significant effect of an exercise-based intervention on injury risk in a tackle collision sport. Observational studies, with weaker methodological quality, have found balance training, Nordic drops, and plyometric training to be associated with significant decreases in injury risk in tackle collision sports.
& Nicola Sewry [email protected] 1
Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
2
Amsterdam Collaboration on Health and Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health and EMGO? Institute, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
3
South African Rugby Union, Cape Town, South Africa
1 Introduction Collision sports, including Australian Football, American Football, and rugby union (henceforth referred to as ‘rugby’) are popular spo
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