Experimental and Numerical Study on Pile Behaviour Under Lateral Load in Clayey Slope
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IGINAL PAPER
Experimental and Numerical Study on Pile Behaviour Under Lateral Load in Clayey Slope S. V. Sivapriya • S. R. Gandhi
Received: 25 August 2012 / Accepted: 8 December 2012 / Published online: 25 December 2012 Ó Indian Geotechnical Society 2012
Abstract Structures such as jetties, transmission towers, elevated highways and various industrial units are often supported by pile foundation on natural or man-made soil slope. The piles on slopes are subjected to lateral load from the super structure, earth pressure from the unstable soil, wave and current actions in case of marine structures, etc. The behaviour of a pile on sloping ground under lateral load is different from that on a horizontal ground. The aim of this paper is to experimentally and numerically evaluate the behaviour of a single pile in sloping clay layer subjected to lateral load. 1 g model tests are performed in laboratory test tank on instrumented pile embedded in clayey bed with varying slopes and shear strength. The behaviour of a single pile placed either at crest or at different distances from crest on slope is evaluated. Static lateral load was applied in a direction towards the downward slope. Numerical study comprise of 3-D finite element analysis using PLAXIS code. The input parameters used for the analysis were validated by comparing the PLAXIS results with the experimental result. A detailed parametric study was then carried out by varying the clay shear strength and the slope angle. Based on the analysis, non-dimensional design charts are prepared for lateral capacity in piles on sloping ground. A worked example is included demonstrating the use of the design charts for pile on clay slope subjected to lateral loading.
S. V. Sivapriya S. R. Gandhi (&) Geotechnical Division, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT-M, Chennai 600036, India e-mail: [email protected] S. V. Sivapriya e-mail: [email protected]
Keywords Pile foundation Lateral load Sloping ground Laboratory experiment Numerical analysis Design charts
Introduction Structures are often required to be supported on slopes which are natural or manmade. Typical examples are hill slopes, rail embankment, road embankments, river training bunds, dredged slope in harbour, etc. These structures on slopes are frequently heavy and subjected to large lateral loads due to wind, earthquake, waves, etc. which require pile foundation. The lateral capacity of pile in the direction of downward slope is expected to be less compared to pile on horizontal ground and it further decreases with increase in slope steepness. The lateral capacity also depends on the relative position of the pile with respect to crest of the slope. The behavior of soil slope with a pile foundation passing through it is a complex soilstructure interaction problem. This paper reports experimental and numerical study to evaluate the behaviour of piles and to estimate it’s capacity in a sloping clay layer, when subjected to lateral loads. Pile passing through slope can be classified into two categori
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