Exploring the Secrets of the Aurora
Prominent progress in science is inevitably associated with controversies. Thus, young researchers, in particular, have to learn how to persevere during the period of controversy and struggle for acceptance. Unfortunately, the skills needed are not taught
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ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LIBRARY VOLUME 278
EDITORIAL BOARD Chairman W.B. BURTON, National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Charlottesville, Virginia, U.S.A. ([email protected]); University of Leiden, The Netherlands ([email protected]) Executive Committee J. M. E. KUIJPERS, Faculty of Science, Nijmegen, The Netherlands E. P. J. VAN DEN HEUVEL, Astronomical Institute, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands H. VAN DER LAAN, Astronomical Institute, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands MEMBERS I. APPENZELLER, Landessternwarte Heidelberg-Königstuhl, Germany J. N. BAHCALL, The Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, U.S.A. F. BERTOLA, Universitá di Padova, Italy J. P. CASSINELLI, University of Wisconsin, Madison, U.S.A. C. J. CESARSKY, Centre d'Etudes de Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France O. ENGVOLD, Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, Norway R. McCRAY, University of Colorado, JILA, Boulder, U.S.A. P. G. MURDIN, Institute of Astronomy, Cambridge, U.K. F. PACINI, Istituto Astronomia Arcetri, Firenze, Italy V. RADHAKRISHNAN, Raman Research Institute, Bangalore, India K. SATO, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan F. H. SHU, University of California, Berkeley, U.S.A. B. V. SOMOV, Astronomical Institute, Moscow State University, Russia R. A. SUNYAEV, Space Research Institute, Moscow, Russia Y. TANAKA, Institute of Space & Astronautical Science, Kanagawa, Japan S. TREMAINE, CITA, Princeton University, U.S.A. N. O. WEISS, University of Cambridge, U.K.
EXPLORING THE SECRETS OF THE AURORA by
SYUN-ICHI AKASOFU International Arctic Research Center, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, U.S.A.
KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS NEW YORK, BOSTON, DORDRECHT, LONDON, MOSCOW
eBook ISBN: Print ISBN:
0-306-47970-2 1-4020-0685-3
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Table of Contents Source of Figures VII Preface XVI XIX Prologue 1 Chapter 1 Search For The Unknown Quantity In The Solar Wind 1 Solar Corpuscular Streams 1.1 1 1.2 The Chapman-Ferraro Theory 6 11 1.3 The Solar Wind Interplanetary Shock Waves 1.4 12 The Modern Interpretation of the Chapman-Ferraro Theory 1.5 13 13 1.6 The Main Phase of Geomagnetic Storms and the Ring Current 1.7 Variety of the Development of Geomagnetic Storms 17 1.8 21 Unknown Quantity 1.9 The Parameter 24 The Directly Driven and Unloading Components 35 1.10 The Open Magnetosphere 36 1.11 41 Chapter 2 Confronting Paradigms: Aurora Research During The Early Space Age 41 My Earliest Association with the Aurora 41 2.1 2.2 The Auroral Zone to the Auroral Oval 42 Significance of the Auroral Oval 2.3 51 54 2.4 Auroral Substorms: Fixed Pat
