Extraction and characterization of cellulosic fiber from Centaurea solstitialis for composites
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LETTER TO THE EDITOR
Extraction and characterization of cellulosic fiber from Centaurea solstitialis for composites O. Yasin Keskin . Ramazan Dalmis . Gonca Balci Kilic . Yasemin Seki . Serhan Koktas
Received: 21 May 2020 / Revised: 22 September 2020 / Accepted: 27 September 2020 Ó Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract With increasing ecological awareness, researchers around the world seek to make composites reinforced with more eco-friendly natural fibers. In this study, Centaurea solstitialis (yellow star thistle) fibers were characterized as a potential natural fiber reinforcement for green composites. Generally, Centaurea solstitialis plants are undesirable because of their detrimental effect on other plants. In this respect, they are generally considered economically worthless in terms of the economical aspect. From this point of view, characterizing Centaurea solstitialis and using them as a natural fiber reinforcement material can be more appropriate in terms of waste management. To characterize the Centaurea solstitialis fibers, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Thermogravimetric Analysis, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, X-Ray Diffraction Analysis, single fiber tensile test, determinations of density and chemical composition were performed. Centaurea solstitialis fibers have 11.2% hemicellulose and 57.20% cellulose content. The crystallinity index and density of fibers were determined as 71.43% and 1.37 g/cm3, respectively. Also, fibers exhibited O. Y. Keskin (&) R. Dalmis S. Koktas Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Dokuz Eylul University, Buca, Izmir, Turkey e-mail: [email protected] G. Balci Kilic Y. Seki Department of Textile Engineering, Dokuz Eylul University, Buca, Izmir, Turkey
relatively high tensile strength with 111.85 ± 24.97 MPa and Young’s modulus with 3.41 ± 0.62 GPa. The thermal resistance temperature of Centaurea solstitialis fibers was found as 273 °C. It is suggested that Centaurea solstitialis fiber is a suitable reinforcement candidate for composites with low density, low cost, abundancy and relatively high tensile strength. Keywords Centaurea solstitialis Natural fiber Green composites Waste management
Introduction Today, the usage of composite materials becomes widespread in terms of their superior performance and economical aspect when comparing with traditional materials. Initially, composite materials were used in military and special aerospace structures because of their benefical mechanical properties to lightweight ratio and thermal stabilities at high temperatures. Over the years, composite materials have become prominent for civil applications. In many composite applications, synthetic fibers like aramids, and glass are generally used as reinforcement. Although composite materials have already proved their dominance comparing to conventional materials, nowadays researchers seek to make them more cost-effective and ecofriendly (Chandramohan and Marimuthu
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