Eye care utilization among diabetics in the South African National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (SANHANES-1):
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BMC Research Notes Open Access
RESEARCH NOTE
Eye care utilization among diabetics in the South African National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (SANHANES‑1): a cross‑sectional study Kwadwo Owusu Akuffo1* , Akosua Kesewah Asare1 , Ronel Sewpaul2 , Natisha Dukhi2 , David Ben Kumah1 , Eldad Agyei‑Manu1,3 , Emmanuel Kofi Addo1,4,5 and Priscilla Reddy2,6
Abstract Objective: Diabetes is a chronic disease of uncontrolled blood sugar levels. People with diabetes are at an increased risk of developing visual impairment and other diabetes-related visual complications. The study aims to determine the eyecare utilization pattern and its associated determinants among diabetics in the South African National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (SANHANES-1). Results: The mean age of participants was 56.2 years and 66.6% were females. The prevalence of eyecare utilization among participants was 49.0% and this differed significantly by age groups (p = 0.024) and the number of years since diabetes diagnosis (p F = 0.001), which included predisposing and enabling factors, the associations with older age were similar to that of Model 1. White or Indian ethnicity (OR = 0.29, p = 0.046 compared
Akuffo et al. BMC Res Notes
(2020) 13:407
Page 3 of 7
Table 1 Description of the analytic sample
Total Age (mean, S.D.) 15–44
%
Frequency
100.0
325
57.3
13.3
12.6
41
Table 2 Prevalence of having ever had an eye examination since diabetes diagnosis Had an eye examination since diabetes diagnosis %
95% CI
n
p value
45–54
28.3
92
Overall
55–64
33.2
108
Predisposing factors
≥ 65
25.8
84
15–44 years
31.0 [16.3–50.8]
41 0.024
Males
31.4
102
45–54 years
42.6 [30.4–55.7]
92
Females
68.6
223
55–64 years
59.6 [47.3–70.7] 108
≥ 65 years
59.6 [45.3–72.4]
62.5
203
Sex
Ethnicity African White ’Coloured’(mixed race) Indian
2.2
7
23.1
75
49.0 [41.4–56.6] 325
Age
84
Sex Males
50.0 [37.5–62.4] 102 0.857
Females
48.5 [39.3–57.8] 223
Ethnicity
12.3
40
High risk alcohol use
11.7
38
African
49.1 [40.1–58.1] 203 0.678
Current smoker
14.5
47
’Coloured’(mixed race)
53.1 [38.8–67.0]
75
Body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2) (mean, S.D.)
30.6
White or Indian
41.6 [24.4–61.2]
47
Underweight
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