Factors associated with the recruitment of foreign nurses in Japan: a nationwide study of hospitals
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RESEARCH
Factors associated with the recruitment of foreign nurses in Japan: a nationwide study of hospitals Yuko O. Hirano1* , Kunio Tsubota2 and Shun Ohno3
Abstract Background: Nurse migration under bilateral agreements is a recent global trend, although lack of consultation with the health industries has led to challenges in the recruitment of foreign nurses by hospitals. To analyze the prevailing perception of hospitals on the Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA), under which Japan opened the doors to foreign nurses, we surveyed hospitals that are yet to employ foreign nurses. Methods: An anonymous questionnaire was developed and distributed to eligible hospitals; it assessed managers’ perception of Japan’s policy on the recruitment of foreign nurses and their intentions to hire foreign nurses under the EPA (hereafter called EPA nurses). We randomly selected 1879 hospitals, or 22% of the hospitals in Japan (n = 8540), with more than 20 beds. We used descriptive statistics, a Chi-square test, and logistic regression analysis to identify the predictors and developed a model to predict the likelihood of their intention to recruit EPA nurses in the future. Results: In total, 432 hospitals were eligible for further analysis (response rate: 22.9%). Half (50%) of the hospital managers were considerably interested in Japan’s policy on recruiting EPA nurses, although only 20% intended to recruit EPA nurses in the future. Willingness to recruit EPA nurses was associated with the degree of interest in the policy (OR 9.38; 95% CI 4.42–19.90) and managers’ perception of EPA nurses (OR 5.32, 95% CI 2.38–11.89). Conclusions: To attract more hospitals to recruit foreign nurses, it is essential for the Japanese government and the sending countries to review their EPA systems. Utilizing returning nurses to assist language acquisition by the forthcoming EPA nurses could be a provisional solution. For a more fundamental solution, long-term provision, from prior to their migration until their return migration, is needed to encourage brain circulation, as opposed to brain drain, between sending and receiving countries. Keywords: Foreign nurse, Economic partnership agreement, Japan, Hospital Background Nurse migration under bilateral agreements is one of the recent global trends, which can be observed in South Africa [1], ASEAN countries [2], Mexico [3], and India [4], and it may affect the migration flow of nurses by rapidly expanding market activities [5]. Previous studies on *Correspondence: hirano@nagasaki‑u.ac.jp 1 Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1‑7‑1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Nagasaki 852‑8520, Japan Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
nurse migration under bilateral agreements indicated that bilateral agreements offer the flexibility to enable easier negotiation and quicker resolutions [6] between the signed countries. It aims to improve the relationship and accelerate the trade between source and target countries [7]. It also increases the temporary mig
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