Family Tylenchidae (Nematoda): an overview and perspectives
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Family Tylenchidae (Nematoda): an overview and perspectives Xue Qing 1
&
Wim Bert 1
Received: 7 February 2019 / Accepted: 11 May 2019 # Gesellschaft für Biologische Systematik 2019
Abstract Nematodes in the Tylenchidae family are one of the most important soil-inhabiting species, yet little is known about this intriguing group. The present review examines newly collected samples of Tylenchidae from worldwide sources as well as slides from museum collections. Together with all available literature, detailed morphology among genera are summarized and compared, allowing us to explore the importance of each morphological character in a phylogenetic framework. An updated phylogeny inferred from concatenated 18S and 28S ribosomal RNA dataset is reconstructed; the results suggest that not all didelphic genera may be included in Tylenchidae. In fact, our analyses suggest Tylenchidae should be split into several families, although their phylogeny has not yet fully been resolved. Currently, the Tylenchidae family comprises 44 genera and 412 nominal species; however, diversity estimations for the group ranged from 2000 to 10,000 species, meaning that 75–95% of the species remains undiscovered. This is partially because the biased sampling in agro-ecosystems with most Tylenchidae may present in neglected habitats. Finally, we discussed current difficulties in morphology, taxonomy, and molecular phylogeny research of Tylenchidae and the need for multi-gene phylogeny or phylogenomic approaches to resolve the deep phylogeny in Tylenchidae. Keywords Nematode . Phylogeny . Taxonomy . Tylenchoidea . Tylenchomorpha
Introduction Tylenchidae is one of the most important soil-inhabiting nematode families (Andrássy 1981), with species diversity often contributing up to about 30% of the nematode community in any given soil sample (Ferris and Bongers 2006; Yeates and Bird 1994). As early diverging Tylenchomorpha sensu De Ley & Blaxter, 2002 (i.e., tylenchids with supposedly ancestral characters), they do not comprise economically important plant-parasites (Bert et al. 2008; Luc et al. 1987; Siddiqi 2000). Knowledge of their feeding habits remains limited despite their abundance and high diversity. Yet, this information is vital for understanding trophic interactions and their role on soil foodwebs, which is key to assess soil health. Furthermore, Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-019-00404-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Xue Qing [email protected] 1
Nematology Research Unit, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
their small body size and lack of clearly homologous characters prevent us from deriving a consistent systematic framework. As a result, the delimitation of taxa in this group remains poorly documented and highly uncertain (Bongers and Bongers 1998; Ferris and Bongers 2006; Yeates 2003). Molecular phylogeny inferred from ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes
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