Fast Sequential Determination of Zn, Fe, Mg, Ca, Na, and K in Infant Formulas by High-Resolution Continuum Source Flame
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Fast Sequential Determination of Zn, Fe, Mg, Ca, Na, and K in Infant Formulas by High-Resolution Continuum Source Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Using Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Raimundo R. Gamela 1 & Eliana G. Barrera 2 & Álvaro T. Duarte 2 & Wiliam Boschetti 2 & Marcia Messias da Silva 2,3 & Maria Goreti R. Vale 2,3 & Morgana B. Dessuy 2,3 Received: 7 November 2018 / Accepted: 13 February 2019 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2019
Abstract In this work, an analytical procedure based on ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) was developed for the fast sequential determination of six elements (Zn, Fe, Mg, Ca, Na, and K) in infant formulas using high-resolution continuum source flame atomic absorption spectrometry (HR-CS F AAS). The analytes extraction was performed using HNO3 2.1 mol L−1 and 10 min of sonication time at 80 °C. The limits of detection obtained were 12, 13, 0.48, 96, 137, and 14 mg kg−1 for Zn, Fe, Mg, Ca, Na, and K, respectively. The analysis of a certified reference material of non-fat milk powder (SRM 1549) and infant formula samples after microwave digestion confirmed the trueness of the developed method. Thus, the UAE procedure was employed in order to determine these six elements and their concentration in six infant formulas and their content (in mg kg−1) ranged between 64 and 431 for Zn, 64–370 for Fe, 420–2421 for Mg, 1145–8547 for Na, 750–14,491 for K, and 2827–11,340 for Ca. Keywords HR-CS F AAS . Infant formulas . Ultrasound-assisted extraction . Nutrients
Introduction Nutrition is a critical factor for child and adolescent development. Breastfeeding is the normal way of providing young infants with the nutrients they need. Throughout the first year, Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-019-01478-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Marcia Messias da Silva [email protected] * Maria Goreti R. Vale [email protected] * Morgana B. Dessuy [email protected] 1
Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, CEP, Porto Alegre, RS 91501-970, Brazil
2
Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, CEP, Porto Alegre, RS 91501-970, Brazil
3
Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do CNPq–INCT de Energia e Ambiente, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
physiological changes occur in children, allowing them to consume foods of varying composition and textures. Therefore, infant formulas are usually introduced for children, after sixth month of life, as a complement of the breast milk in order to enrich their daily food supplementation (Francescato et al. 2013; Mir-marqués et al. 2015). Infant formulas play an important role in order to supply a balanced feed for infants. Zinc, Fe, Ca, Mg, Na, and K are some of the essential micro and macronutrients that can be found in this kind of food supplementation (Saracoglu et al. 200
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