Female Labour Force Participation Across SAARC Countries Using Dynamic Panel Model
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Female Labour Force Participation Across SAARC Countries Using Dynamic Panel Model Deepika Sharma1,2 · Abhishek Kumar3,4 · Deepak Kumar Behera5,6
© Indian Society of Labour Economics 2020
Abstract The paper examines the trends of female labour force participation and gender disparity across groups of countries and the SAARC Nations. The objective of the paper is to examine the relationship between female labour force participation rate of the age group of 15–64 years and GDP per capita, fertility rate, survival rate and their lag effect, life expectancy and average years of schooling which includes primary, secondary and tertiary schooling over the period from 2000 to 2018. The panel data have been created by taking the time-series countrywise data from International Labour Organisation statistics (ILO modelled estimates). The study tries to analyse the effect of the log of per capita GDP, human capital stock for the female population and other variables using GMM estimates on Dynamic Panel Model setup for SAARC nations (excluding Bhutan and Maldives). This study uses the lag value of the log of GDP per capita as an instrumental variable to get an efficient estimator in a Dynamic Panel Model setting. Keywords FLPR · Human capital stock · GMM estimate · Fertility rate · Enrolment ratio JEL Classification J01 · J13 · J16 · C23 · C26
1 Introduction The journey of women in India can be traced back as a powerful deity of respect and reverence in Rigvedic and Ancient Age to the subject of vulnerability in modern society. Much emphasis has been laid on transforming gender equations in India by adopting revolutionary campaigns using behavioural economics and social This article takes the help of the secondary data on human capital stock, average years of schooling and enrolment ratio from the Barro and Lee dataset for the period from 1870 to 2010. * Deepika Sharma [email protected] Extended author information available on the last page of the article
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Vol.:(0123456789) ISLE
The Indian Journal of Labour Economics
messaging system (Economic Survey 2019). The recent campaign tagged as BADLAV (Beti Aapki Dhan Lakshmi Aur Vijay Lakshmi) stresses upon gender equality and envisages ideas for utilizing the power of role models from Indian mythology to create the social norm that “women are equal to men” (Economic Survey 2019). This paradigm shift in the social structure of Indian society is imperative in building parity between men and women though it is difficult. Women’s contribution to economic development is generally undermined and unrecorded in countries like India where the majority of women are deployed in household activities. According to Lewis (1954), shift of women’s work from household activities to commercial employment or intersectoral shifts of employment of women can be considered as one of the most important notable features of economic development of that country. Female labour force participation rate (FLPR) in the case of India is very low and has been declining continuously. On a parad
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