First report of Sclerotium delphinii causing stem rot disease on green chireta ( Andrographis paniculata )
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First report of Sclerotium delphinii causing stem rot disease on green chireta (Andrographis paniculata) Deeba Kamil 1 & Amar Bahadur 2 & Anjali Kumari 1 & Shiv Pratap Choudhary 1 & T. Prameeladevi 1 & R Sudeep Toppo 1 Received: 7 September 2020 / Accepted: 19 November 2020 # Australasian Plant Pathology Society Inc. 2020
Abstract Green chireta (Andrographis paniculata) a popular medicinal plant found infected with Sclerotium delphinii causing stem rot disease with 5 to 20% incidence. The rotting symptoms were first observed on outer surface of the stem base along with white mycelium and sclerotia. The causal organism was identified as Sclerotium delphinii based on its morphological and molecular characterization. Sclerotium delphinii causing stem rot disease in Green chireta is being reported for the first time in India and worldwide. Keywords Andrographis paniculata . Molecular identification . Pathogenicity . Sclerotium delphinii . Stem rot
Green chireta (Andrographis paniculata) belongs to the family Acanthaceae, and is commonly known as Kalmegh or King of bitters. It is an annual herbaceous plant and is used to treat several human diseases due to its biochemical compounds (Joselin and Jeeva 2014; Nyeem et al. 2017). Usually, it is not affected by any pest or pathogen, but during January 2017, many plants exhibited symptoms of stem rot in the experimental field of the College of Agriculture, University of Tripura, Lembucherra, Agartala, Tripura, India, with the disease incidence ranging from 5 to 20%. In the early stage of disease development, the outermost leaves began to turn yellow and then dark brown necrotic lesions appeared on the stem base. Later white mycelial growth with immature white sclerotia was observed on collar region of the plant (Fig. 1). The pathogenic fungus was isolated from stem tissues of Green chireta plants exhibiting stem rot disease in the field. Diseased plant samples were collected and surface sterilised in 0.25% v/v sodium hypochlorite for 1 min and then washed thrice with sterilised distilled water. The samples were air dried and placed in Petri plates containing PDA (Potato Dextrose Agar) media * Deeba Kamil [email protected] 1
Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR – Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
2
College of Agriculture, Tripura, Lembucherra, Agartala, West Tripura 799210, India
and incubated at 25 °C. Mycelium started growing in two days and sclerotia were formed i.e., after one week of incubation. The mycelium further transferred to PDA slants to obtain pure culture. Consistently, similar abundant, fluffy and dense white to creamish white mycelial colonies were appeared on PDA from all the collected stem rot diseased samples (Fig. 2a). All these isolates produce sclerotia which were spherical in shape, 1.0 to 3.5 mm in diameter, white when young turning reddish brown when mature (Fig. 2b, c). On the basis of the above morphological characteristics, the fungus was identified as Sclerotium delphinii (Xu et al. 2008). The representative cult
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